Polynitro‐Functionalized Dipyrazolo‐1,3,5‐triazinanes: Energetic Polycyclization toward High Density and Excellent Molecular Stability

Abstract

A new fused N-heterocyclic framework, dipyrazolo-1,3,5-triazinane, was synthesized and the physiochemical properties of its derivatives were investigated to evaluate the integrated energetic performance. In contrast to 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) featuring a distorted chair confirmation, polynitro-functionalized dipyrazolo-1,3,5-triazinanes have nearly planar backbones, thereby enhancing the density and thermal stability. Among these new energetic tricyclic compounds, 5 a and 12 show favorable crystal densities of 1.937 g cm and 1.990 g cm at 150 K, respectively, which rank highest in triazinane-based energetic compounds. Additionally, this synthetic approach was carried out to form seven-membered and eight-membered rings, giving rise to tetranitro dipyrazolo-1,3,5-triazepane (5 b) and tetranitro dipyrazolo-1,3,5-triazocane (5 c), respectively.

Coplanar Fused Heterocycle‐Based Energetic Materials

“…Nitrogen‐rich heterocycles have become hot issues around the field of energetic materials . These so‐called “high‐nitrogen” compounds are more environmental friendly since their decomposition products almost are dinitrogen . In addition, the extensive energetic bonds N−N and C−N in the molecules could provide a lot of energy .…”

Trimerization of 4‐Amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole: Formation, Preparation, and Characterization of 4‐Diazo‐3,5‐bis(4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazol‐1‐yl) pyrazole (LLM‐226)

“…4‐Amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole (LLM‐116, 1 ) is an insensitive energetic material and a starting material for many new explosives and propellants . Several methods have been reported in the literature for the preparation of the material , but the amination of 4‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole ( 3 ) via nitration of commercially available 4‐chloropyrazole has become the most popular approach .…”

Exploration of the Luminescence Properties of Organic Phosphate Salts of 3‐Quinoline‐ and 5‐Isoquinolineboronic Acid

“…Modern crystal engineering aims at the modification of functional properties of organic and metal‐organic compounds in view of the development of materials with novel functional properties. In this context, multicomponent organic molecular crystals and salts are emerging as high‐demand materials because of appealing and versatile applications in diverse fields such as the development of new drug formulations, the stabilization of explosives, the design of highly specific sensors, the storage of guest molecules and molecular recognition, advanced optoelectronics, among others, thus providing an excellent platform for unveiling structure–property relationships at a molecular level …”