Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in crops from long-term field experiments amended with sewage sludge

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in South China: Concentration, distribution, source, and risk assessment

“…Gaseous deposition has been reported as the principal pathway for the accumulation of PAHs in vegetables (Kipopoulou et al, 1999). In certain cases, uptake by roots from the soil may also be a possible pathway by which PAHs can enter plants (Wild et al, 1992;Tao et al, 2004). Therefore, the edible part of the leafy vegetables can accumulate more PAHs than the root vegetables.…”

The Gulf Oil Spill

“…However, bioavailability of PAHs from contaminated air, water, and food is of primary concern, and some information is available concerning bioavailability following exposure by these routes. Indirect evidence indicates that PAHs are absorbed by humans following inhalation exposure (Becher and Bjorseth 1983 biomagnification of the compounds does not appear to be significant (Edwards 1983;Eisler 1983;Gile et al 1982;Wild et al 1992). However, in some areas of the United States, fish consumption advisories have been issued based on elevated concentrations of PAHs found in locally caught fish or shellfish (see Section 5.6) (RTI 1993).…”

“…The residential burning of wood is the largest source of atmospheric PAHs (Peters et al 1991;Ramdahl et al 1982); releases are primarily the result of inefficient combustion and uncontrolled emissions (Freeman and Cattell 1990;NRC 1983;Tan et al 1992). Other important stationary anthropogenic sources include industrial power generation, incineration (Shane et al 1990;Wild et al 1992); the production of coal tar, coke, and asphalt; and petroleum catalytic cracking (Baek et al 1991;Guerin 1978;Perwak et al 1982;Santodonato 1981). …”

Monitoring of PAHs in the natural protected areas in non-heating season using Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) needles

“…PAHs were separated on florosil and analysed by HPLC (Hewlett Packard HPLC 1050) using a UV (naphtalene, acenaphthene) and fluorescence detector (the rest of PAHs). Identification of the separated compounds was carried out by the comparison of their retention times with the values obtained from a mixture of the Supelco PAH -Mixture 610 -M [4]. All chemicals used were of analytical great.…”

“…PAHs with a number of rings ≥ 4 are absorbed on particulate matter in the atmosphere, while PAHs with fewer rings may persist in a gas phase [3]. PAHs are strongly absorbed by organic matter in soil and are unavailable for plant uptake [4]. Therefore, PAH deposition on leaves is a function of their concentration in the air [5].…”