Abstract:The development of hydrogel materials in additive manufacturing displaying stiff and strong mechanical properties while maintaining high water uptake, remains a great challenge. Taking advantage of the versatility of poly(oxazoline)...
“…In the field of nanovector formulation, it has been demonstrated several times that cross-linking the vector improved delivery, especially on 3D-cell culture. − However, only rare cases of cross-linked POXA systems have been described so far, and most were aimed at forming gels ,, and not nano-objects . Schubert and colleagues used a light-assisted thiol–ene reaction to cross-link PMOXA-PdecenylOXA nano-objects and studied their behavior in oil/water emulsions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…21−23 However, only rare cases of cross-linked POXA systems have been described so far, and most were aimed at forming gels 12,16,24 and not nano-objects. 25 Schubert and colleagues used a lightassisted thiol−ene reaction to cross-link PMOXA-Pdeceny-lOXA nano-objects 14 and studied their behavior in oil/water emulsions. Our group developed a different strategy based on coumarin-functionalized POXA.…”
In the nanomedicine field, there is a need to widen the
availability
of nanovectors to compensate for the increasingly reported side effects
of poly(ethene glycol). Nanovectors enabling cross-linking can
further optimize drug delivery. Cross-linkable polyoxazolines are
therefore relevant candidates to address these two points. Here we
present the synthesis of coumarin-functionalized poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)
block copolymers, namely, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline). The hydrophilic ratio
and molecular weights were varied in order to obtain a range of possible
behaviors. Their self-assembly after nanoprecipitation or film rehydration
was examined. The resulting nano-objects were fully characterized
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, multiple-angle
dynamic and static light scattering. In most cases, the formation
of polymer micelles was observed, as well as, in some cases, aggregates,
which made characterization more difficult. Cross-linking was performed
under UV illumination in the presence of a coumarin-bearing cross-linker
based on polymethacrylate derivatives. Addition of the photo-cross-linker
and cross-linking resulted in better-defined objects with improved
stability in most cases.
“…In the field of nanovector formulation, it has been demonstrated several times that cross-linking the vector improved delivery, especially on 3D-cell culture. − However, only rare cases of cross-linked POXA systems have been described so far, and most were aimed at forming gels ,, and not nano-objects . Schubert and colleagues used a light-assisted thiol–ene reaction to cross-link PMOXA-PdecenylOXA nano-objects and studied their behavior in oil/water emulsions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…21−23 However, only rare cases of cross-linked POXA systems have been described so far, and most were aimed at forming gels 12,16,24 and not nano-objects. 25 Schubert and colleagues used a lightassisted thiol−ene reaction to cross-link PMOXA-Pdeceny-lOXA nano-objects 14 and studied their behavior in oil/water emulsions. Our group developed a different strategy based on coumarin-functionalized POXA.…”
In the nanomedicine field, there is a need to widen the
availability
of nanovectors to compensate for the increasingly reported side effects
of poly(ethene glycol). Nanovectors enabling cross-linking can
further optimize drug delivery. Cross-linkable polyoxazolines are
therefore relevant candidates to address these two points. Here we
present the synthesis of coumarin-functionalized poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)
block copolymers, namely, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline). The hydrophilic ratio
and molecular weights were varied in order to obtain a range of possible
behaviors. Their self-assembly after nanoprecipitation or film rehydration
was examined. The resulting nano-objects were fully characterized
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryo-TEM, multiple-angle
dynamic and static light scattering. In most cases, the formation
of polymer micelles was observed, as well as, in some cases, aggregates,
which made characterization more difficult. Cross-linking was performed
under UV illumination in the presence of a coumarin-bearing cross-linker
based on polymethacrylate derivatives. Addition of the photo-cross-linker
and cross-linking resulted in better-defined objects with improved
stability in most cases.
“…The use of bi- or multifunctional CROP initiators enables access to polymers or oligomers bearing two or more radically polymerizable ω-end groups . Those have been applied as cross-linkers for the preparation of films, , hydrogels, ,, microbeads, coatings, or nanofibers and remain of high interest to date. However, their potential has rarely been exploited with respect to cryogels.…”
1,4-Bis(iodomethyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris-(iodomethyl)benzene were used as initiators for the cationic ringopening polymerization (CROP) of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and its copolymerization with tert-butyl (3-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2yl)propyl)carbamate (BocOx) or methyl 3-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2yl)propanoate (MestOx). Kinetic studies confirmed the applicability of these initiators. Termination with suitable nucleophiles resulted in two-and three-armed cross-linkers featuring acrylate, methacrylate, piperazine-acrylamide, and piperazine-methacrylamide as polymerizable ω-end groups. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful attachment of the respective ω-end groups at all initiation sites for every prepared cross-linkers. Except for acrylate, each ω-end group remained stable during deprotection of BocOx containing cross-linkers. The cryogels were prepared using EtOx-based cross-linkers, as confirmed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Stability tests revealed a complete dissolution of the acrylate-containing gels at pH = 14, whereas the piperazine-acrylamide-based cryogels featured excellent hydrolytic stability.
“…The most common strategy for formulating a biodegradable VP resin is to end‐functionalize hydrolyzable oligomers of molecular weight typically <4 kg mol −1 with reactive groups, obtaining macromonomers that can be cross‐linked into a network through photo‐initiated polymerization. Oligomers typically consist of lactide, [ 7 ] caprolactone, [ 8,9 ] ethylene glycol, [ 10 ] polyoxazoline, [ 11 ] trimethylene carbonate [ 12 ] or poly(propylene fumarate). [ 13,14 ] To obtain a liquid resin out of these solid macromonomers, reactive or non‐reactive diluents are often employed, or heat.…”
Vat polymerization allows for the accurate and fast fabrication of personalized implants and devices. While the technology advances rapidly and more materials become available, the fabrication of flexible yet tough resorbable materials for biomedical applications remains a challenge. Here, a formulation that can be 3D printed with high accuracy using vat polymerization, yielding materials that are tough, degradable, and non-toxic is presented. This unique combination of properties is obtained by combining a long-chain polycaprolactone macromonomer with a small molecule cross-linker. A wide range of properties is achieved by tuning the ratio of these components. The use of benzyl alcohol as a non-volatile, benign solvent enables fabrication on a lowcost desktop 3D printer, with an exposure time of 8 s per 50-micron layer. The 3D-printed networks are tough and elastic with a tensile strength of 11 MPa at 116% elongation at break. Cells attach and proliferate on the networks with a viability of >91%. The networks are fully degradable to soluble products. This new 3D printable material opens up a range of opportunities in biomedical engineering and personalized medicine.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.