Polyoxygenated sesquiterpenoids from Salvia castanea and their potential anti-Alzheime's disease bioactivities

Caesalpinbondin A, a Novel Diterpenoid Lactone With an Unprecedented Carbon Skeleton from the Seeds of Caesalpinia bonduc

“…For its cheapness, easy and fast-breeding, and AD pathological similarity, the transgenic AD C. elegans model has been used as a powerful tool for rapid screening of anti-AD drugs (Xin et al, 2013). Using transgenic AD C. elegans paralysis assay, we have successfully discovered several natural products with potential anti-AD effects (Li et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2018;Su et al, 2021). As shown in Figure 6, compound 1 significantly delayed the Aβ-induced paralysis in CL4176 nematodes (p < 0.05).…”

Natural Bioactive Products and Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans Transgenic Models

“…Many of them were isolated from the products described above, including β-citronellol and geraniol from Kushui rose essential oil [ 121 ], punicalagin, methyl-urolithin A and urolithin A from pomegranate extract [ 114 ], α-bisabolol from P. gymnospora [ 123 ], dehydroheliobuphthalmin and savinin from P. orientalis seeds [ 103 ], hydroxycitric acid from H. sabdariffa [ 119 ], bilobalide B and ginkgolide C from G. biloba leaf [ 99 ], 7-hydroxycalamenene from Japanese zelkova essential oil [ 122 ], major silymarin components (silybin A, silybin B, 2,3-dehydrosilybin A, 2,3-dehydrosilybin B) [ 126 ], bioactive peptides from “barquillo” [ 125 ], and several compounds isolated from Chinese liquorice root including glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycon [ 97 ]. Other compounds were isolated from non-tested products, including several sequisterpenoids (nardochinin A, B, C and D) from the underground parts of Nardostachys chinensis Batal ethanolic extract [ 133 ], sesamin, sesamol and sesamolin from sesame ( Sesamun indicum L.) seeds [ 134 ], oleuropein aglycone from extra virgin olive oil [ 135 ], magnolol from Magnolia genus especies [ 136 ], several sesquiterpene lactones (salcastanins, nubiol, nubdienolide, and nubenolide) from Salvia castanea [ 137 ], otophylloside B from Cynanchum otophyllum L. [ 138 ], betalains from red-beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) [ 139 ], gossypol from cotton plant ( Gossypium arboreum L.) [ 140 ], cyclotides from butterfly pea [ 141 ], resveratrol from red wine [ 142 ] and withanolide A from the root of ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) [ 143 ]. Likewise, some well-known bioactive molecules that can be found in multiple sources such as quercetin [ 144 , 145 ], ferulic acid [ 146 ], caffeine [ 110 ], morin [ 140 ], gallic acid, ellagic acid [ 114 ] and caffeic acid [ 147 ] were also tested in the mentioned assays.…”

“…When isolated compounds were tested alone, the lack of effect on this phenotypic change was more frequent. These included gallic acid, ellagic acid [ 114 ], β-citronellol [ 121 ], dehydroheliobuphthalmin, savinin [ 103 ], punicalagin, methyl-urolithin A, urolithin A [ 114 ], silybin A [ 144 ], nubdienolid, nubdienolide, nubenolide [ 137 ] and several compounds isolated from G. biloba leaf extract including flavonoids, bilobalide B, ginkgolide C [ 99 ], and nardochinin C [ 133 ]. Likewise, no effect was found for a combination of geraniol and β-citronellol isolated from rose [ 121 ], although geraniol alone showed healthy effects.…”

Two Undescribed Germacrane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. and Their Anti‐Alzheimer's Disease Activity

“…simplicifolia reported one germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid. [11] As a part of our continuous study on the bioactive terpenoids from Salvia, [12][13][14][15] we performed a phytochemical investigation on S. cavaleriei var. simplicifolia, which resulted in the isolation of two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5) (Figure 1).…”