Polyphagous caterpillars of Spodoptera litura switch from a trap crop to the main crop, improve fitness, and shorten generation time

Mitra, Sirsha; Firake, D. M.; Umesh, K. P.; Pandey, Prashasti; Pandit, Sagar Subhash

doi:10.1007/s10340-021-01351-w

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…15 Furthermore, the third-and fourth-instar larvae of the polyphagous Spodoptera litura which switched from castor to eggplants showed improved fitness and shortened generation time, indicating that the larvae possess the ability to know best, which may be one of the traits underlying the exceptional adaptability of the species. 2 However, for E. signifier, our results showed that different larval stages adapt to different main volatiles. The shift from attraction to o-cymene by the third-instar larvae to ⊎-pinene by the fifth-instar larvae shows an ability to detect different odor information to influence different behavior choices and olfactory plasticity at the two different instar stages.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Fifth-instar Larvae To Eucalyptus Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Also, both naïve and experienced (fed on poplar) Lymantria dispar caterpillars adapt to the same volatiles, ( Z )‐3‐hexenyl acetate, but especially ( E )‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene to experienced caterpillars 15 . Furthermore, the third‐ and fourth‐instar larvae of the polyphagous Spodoptera litura which switched from castor to eggplants showed improved fitness and shortened generation time, indicating that the larvae possess the ability to know best, which may be one of the traits underlying the exceptional adaptability of the species 2 . However, for E. signifier , our results showed that different larval stages adapt to different main volatiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphagous species exhibit higher behavioral plasticity than oligo-and monophagous species, 1 which largely depend on the larval ability to identify the best host by memorizing plant olfactory cues associated with food resources. 2,3 The quality and quantity of plant volatiles change with the growth of larvae. 4 Polyphagous larvae which switch to new hosts therefore encounter diverse plant cues, but the mechanism underlying the differentiation of different odor information and its relationship with behavioral plasticity in larvae are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyphagous species exhibit higher behavioral plasticity than oligo‐ and monophagous species, 1 which largely depend on the larval ability to identify the best host by memorizing plant olfactory cues associated with food resources 2,3 . The quality and quantity of plant volatiles change with the growth of larvae 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quick shift in volatile attraction between the third and fifth instar larvae of Endoclita signifier

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Endoclita signifer is a polyphagous lepidopteran species of eucalyptus that selects its hosts in the third‐instar larval period. To understand how it adapts to its host during development, we studied the olfactory responses of late‐stage (fifth)‐instar larvae to the dynamic chemical environment they encounter. RESULTS Thirty‐two volatiles from eucalyptus trunk and soil were identified, among which 14 showed electroantennal activity and five were identified as new. Further behavioral bioassay showed that both β‐pinene and the imitation ratio of six key volatile in eucalyptus trunk were attractive to the fifth‐instar larvae, but both eliminated and increased β‐pinene in the mixture decreased the choice ratio and showed no attraction. Although E. signifer larvae shifted their attraction from o‐cymene at the third‐instar stage to β‐pinene at the fifth‐instar stage in a single volatile, the appropriate ratio of the main compounds in eucalyptus trunk volatile is the key to the behavior choice of fifth‐instar larvae. CONCLUSION The switch in olfactory attraction to different compounds between fifth‐ and third‐instar larvae indicated an olfactory plasticity between third‐ and fifth‐instar larvae. And the particular blend mediated the highly specialized communication interactions specificity between fifth‐instar larvae and eucalyptus trunk volatile indicated the specialized host adaptation to fifth‐instar larvae. This enhances understanding of how the primitive lepidopteran E. signifier, as a native pest, adapts to introduced eucalyptus. Moreover, this study provides knowledge for the screening and development of target volatiles for trapping and managing E. signifer larvae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Adaptation Of Fifth-instar Larvae To Eucalyptus Volatilesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quick shift in volatile attraction between the third and fifth instar larvae of Endoclita signifier

Qiu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Nutritional indices explain food consumption, utilization and excretion budgets, and the state of digestion physiology, which helps estimate the diet's suitability. Nutritional indices of the armyworm larvae feeding on eggplant (control, hqt-silenced, and CGA-complemented) leaves and artificial diets (spiked with different candidate metabolites) were calculated as described by Waldbauer 45 and as standardized for armyworm larvae by Mitra et al 34 and Umesh et al 12 .…”

Section: Nutritional Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eggplant’s foliar chlorogenic acid provides resistance against the tropical armyworm

Kumar

Pandey

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Lepidopteran pests are the major crop devastators. Farmers have to resort to heavy synthetic pesticide application for their control. It increases the pesticide residue contamination on produce and causes health hazards. Synthetic pesticides also endanger beneficial insects and pollute the environment. Therefore, the use of safe and eco-friendly botanicals as biopesticides is rapidly increasing. Despite their high demand, only a few botanicals are commercially available. Consequently, biopesticide discovery research boomed in the last decade. Spodoptera litura Fabricius (armyworm) is a polyphagous multi-insecticide-resistant lepidopteran pest. It is a serious concern for several commercially important crops. In this study, we employed a chemical ecology approach to discover a biopesticide against it. As a biopesticide source, we explored secondary metabolite-rich Solanum melongena L. (eggplant), one of the armyworm's hosts. We found that the armyworm larvae show differential occurrence on seven eggplant varieties; the Himalayan eggplant variety RC-RL-22 (RL22) showed no armyworm infestation. When reared in a no-choice condition on RL22, larval mortality was two-fold higher, and mass was three-fold lower than the varieties showing high infestation. We tested whether RL22's secondary metabolite(s) were associated with this hampered larval performance. Using LC-ESI-QTOF-based non-targeted metabolomics of eggplant varieties, we identified candidate metabolites. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid; CGA) showed a strong negative correlation (r= -0.88; p= 0.008) with the larval performance. CGA-spiked (average physiological concentration) artificial diet (CGA-AD)-fed larvae showed a three-fold mass reduction and two-fold mortality increase than the control artificial diet (AD)-fed larvae; pupation and eclosion also significantly reduced (1.3-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively) in the CGA-ingested larvae. We used a reverse genetics approach to assess the in planta insecticidal potential of CGA. When RL22's CGA biosynthesis gene hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase (SmHQT) was silenced using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), CGA levels decreased by three-fold. This CGA depletion rendered RL22 two-fold armyworm-susceptible than controls. Foliar CGA application restored RL22's armyworm resistance. Overall, this study showed that CGA exhibits larvicidal properties against the armyworm. It is also safe for beneficial organisms. CGA is a well-known dietary supplement and an antioxidant for humans. Thus, it is safe for human consumption. Together, high CGA-containing varieties can be used to reduce the armyworm infestation risk. CGA is a promising biopesticide candidate for the field trial phase against the lepidopteran pests, especially armyworm. If successful, it can be integrated into the pest control measures.

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Biodegradable electrospun fibers as sustained‐release carriers of insect pheromones for field trapping of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Shangguan,

Mei,

Chen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUNDInsect pheromones are highly effective and environmentally friendly, and are widely used in the monitoring and trapping of pests. However, many researchers have found that various factors such as ultraviolet light and temperature in the field environment can accelerate the volatilization of pheromones, thus affecting the actual control effect. In recent years, electrospinning technology has demonstrated remarkable potential in the preparation of sustained carriers. Moreover, the utilization of biodegradable materials in electrospinning presents a promising avenue for the advancement of eco‐friendly carriers.RESULTSIn this study, homogeneous and defect‐free pheromone carriers were obtained by electrospinning using fully biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate materials and pheromones of Spodoptera litura. The electrospun fibers with porous structure could continuously release pheromone (the longest can be ≤80 days). They also had low light transmission, hydrophobic protection. More importantly, the pheromone‐loaded electrospun fiber carriers showed stable release and good trapping effect in the field. They could trap pests for at least 7 weeks in the field environment without other light stabilizers added.CONCLUSIONSustained‐release carriers constructed by electrospinning and green materials could improve the efficacy of pheromones and ensure environmental friendliness, and provided a tool for the management of S. litura and other pests and sustainable development of agricultural. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Polyphagous caterpillars of Spodoptera litura switch from a trap crop to the main crop, improve fitness, and shorten generation time

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Quick shift in volatile attraction between the third and fifth instar larvae of Endoclita signifier

Quick shift in volatile attraction between the third and fifth instar larvae of Endoclita signifier

Eggplant’s foliar chlorogenic acid provides resistance against the tropical armyworm

Biodegradable electrospun fibers as sustained‐release carriers of insect pheromones for field trapping of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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