Polypharmacy in Osteoporosis Treatment

McConnell, Megan; Shieh, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.05.011

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This is mainly attributed to several limitations, including relatively high cost, subcutaneous administration requirements, and concerns over long-term safety. 465 However, researchers still have great hope for anabolic agents, and initiating the remodeling cascade by activating PTH1R by teriparatide and abaloparatide will inevitably enhance resorption. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the direct effects of anabolic agents on each cell type and the influence on bone resorption, which will help to determine the population for whom it is most suitable and optimize the treatment strategy for osteoporosis.…”

Section: Strategies and Challenges In The Management Of Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

Zhang,

Xie,

Sun

et al. 2024

Bone Res

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Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis, with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Specifically, females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis, while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease. To date, sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone cells. Understanding the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and men. This literature review focuses on the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis, mainly in a population of aging patients, chronic glucocorticoid administration, and diabetes. Moreover, we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and men. Additionally, the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.

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Section: Strategies and Challenges In The Management Of Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

Zhang,

Xie,

Sun

et al. 2024

Bone Res

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show abstract

“…24 The selection of osteoporosis treatment should be individualized and consider a variety of factors. 263 Among them, the combination of drugs with different mechanisms may bring additional benefits. 264 Furthermore, the sequential use of drugs can avoid the increased risk of specific side effects and minimize the resistance caused by the long-term use of a single drug.…”

Section: Polypharmacy In Osteoporosis Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the strength of the evidence may vary, almost all the drugs have been demonstrated for reducing vertebral and nonvertebral fracture risk 24 . The selection of osteoporosis treatment should be individualized and consider a variety of factors 263 . Among them, the combination of drugs with different mechanisms may bring additional benefits 264 .…”

Section: Anti‐osteoporosis Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

Wang

Luo

Wang

et al. 2023

MedComm

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Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti‐osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long‐term or high‐frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state‐of‐art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti‐osteoporosis therapies.

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“…These deficiencies may occur as a side effect of pharmacological treatment, during aging, due to a genetic disorder or idiopathic reasons. For exemple, osteoporosis is a bone calcification deficiency that correlates with aging and is usually treated with biphosphponates [115]. Osteonecrosis of the jaw is the most severe adverse effect in patients on bisphosphonates [116,117].…”

Section: Isoprenoid Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biomedical Importance of the Missing Pathway for Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol Salvage

et al. 2022

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Isoprenoids are the output of the polymerization of five-carbon, branched isoprenic chains derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Isoprene units are consecutively condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively), necessary for the biosynthesis of several metabolites. Polyprenyl transferases and synthases use polyprenyl pyrophosphates as their natural substrates; however, it is known that free polyprenols, such as farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be incorporated into prenylated proteins, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and dolichols. Furthermore, FOH and GGOH have been shown to block the effects of isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as fosmidomycin, bisphosphonates, or statins in several organisms. This phenomenon is the consequence of a short pathway, which was observed for the first time more than 25 years ago: the polyprenol salvage pathway, which works via the phosphorylation of FOH and GGOH. Biochemical studies in bacteria, animals, and plants suggest that this pathway can be carried out by two enzymes: a polyprenol kinase and a polyprenyl-phosphate kinase. However, to date, only a few genes have been unequivocally identified to encode these enzymes in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, pieces of evidence for the importance of this pathway abound in studies related to infectious diseases, cancer, dyslipidemias, and nutrition, and to the mitigation of the secondary effects of several drugs. Furthermore, nowadays it is known that both FOH and GGOH can be incorporated via dietary sources that produce various biological effects. This review presents, in a simplified but comprehensive manner, the most important data on the FOH and GGOH salvage pathway, stressing its biomedical importance The main objective of this review is to bring to light the need to discover and characterize the kinases associated with the isoprenoid salvage pathway in animals and pathogens.

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Polypharmacy in Osteoporosis Treatment

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

The Biomedical Importance of the Missing Pathway for Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol Salvage

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