Polyphasic Analysis of Intraspecific Diversity in Epicoccum nigrum Warrants Reclassification into Separate Species

Fávaro, Léia Cecília de Lima; Melo, Fernando Lucas; Aguilar-Vildoso, Carlos Ivan; Araújo, Welington Luiz

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014828

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Morphological characteristics of the TER1985 strain maintained on the malt extract agar, yeast‐sucrose agar and Czapek‐Dox's agar for 7 days at 30°C were identical with those reviewed by Favaro et al () and Moubasher () concerning the identification of E. nigrum Link. Moreover, based on the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 homology, molecular identification of the fungal strain was confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A novel source of the cardiac glycoside digoxin from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum : isolation, characterization, production enhancement by gamma irradiation mutagenesis and anticancer activity evaluation

2019

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Aims Different endophytic fungi were isolated and screened for their digoxin‐producing ability. Strain improvement and different culture conditions were studied for more effective production of digoxin. Methods and Results Among the isolated fungi, an isolate produced digoxin in a concentration of 2·07 mg l−1. The digoxin‐producing fungal isolate was identified as Epicoccum nigrum Link according to the morphological features and phylogenetic analyses. The potentiality of the fungal strain for production enhancement of digoxin was performed by gamma radiation mutagenesis. Gamma irradiation dose of 1000 Gy intensified the digoxin yield by five‐fold. Using this dose, a stable mutant strain with improved digoxin productivity was isolated and the stability for digoxin production was followed up across four successive generations. In the effort to increase digoxin magnitude, selection of the proper cultivation medium, addition of some elicitors to the most proper medium and several physical fermentation conditions were tested. Fermentation process carried out in malt extract autolysate medium (pH 6·5) supplemented by methyl jasmonate and inoculated with 2 ml of 6‐day‐old culture and incubated at 25°C for 10 days stimulated the highest production of digoxin to attain 50·14 mg l−1. Moreover, cytotoxicity of digoxin separated from the fungal culture was tested against five different cancer cell lines. Based on the MTT assay, digoxin inhibited the proliferation of the five different cancer cell lines and the recorded 50% inhibitory concentration ranged from 10·76 to 35·14 μg ml−1. Conclusions This is the first report on the production and enhancement of digoxin using fungal fermentation as a new and alternate source with high productivity. Significance and Impact of the Study These findings offer new and alternate sources with excellent biotechnological potential for digoxin production by fungal fermentation. Moreover, digoxin proved to be a promising anticancer agent whose anticancer potential should be assessed in prospective cancer therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A novel source of the cardiac glycoside digoxin from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum : isolation, characterization, production enhancement by gamma irradiation mutagenesis and anticancer activity evaluation

2019

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“…1818) is primarily a saprophytic species which has been isolated from virtually all possible terrestrial and marine substrates worldwide (1–3). Substantial intraspecific morphological and genetic diversity was reported for this species, suggesting the presence of at least two divergent clades (4–6). It is also well known for numerous secondary metabolites, with pigments isolated more than a century ago (7–10).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 84%

Genome Sequence of the Saprophytic Ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum Strain ICMP 19927, Isolated from New Zealand

Fokín

Fleetwood²,

Weir

et al. 2017

Genome Announc

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“…is a widespread mitosporic ascomycete (Dothideomycetes) that colonizes different types of substrates and is associated with plant primary decomposition [28]. Similar to other ubiquitous fungi, E. nigrum can display an endophytic lifestyle [29] in a variety of plants that are not taxonomically related [21], [30], [31], [32], [33], which suggests the development of adaptations to overcome the different types of plant defenses. E. nigrum is especially known for its biocontrol activity against pathogens, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in sunflower [34], Pythium in cotton [35], phytoplasma in apple trees [36] and Monilinia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicoccum nigrum P16, a Sugarcane Endophyte, Produces Antifungal Compounds and Induces Root Growth

2012

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BackgroundSugarcane is one of the most important crops in Brazil, mainly because of its use in biofuel production. Recent studies have sought to determine the role of sugarcane endophytic microbial diversity in microorganism-plant interactions, and their biotechnological potential. Epicoccum nigrum is an important sugarcane endophytic fungus that has been associated with the biological control of phytopathogens, and the production of secondary metabolites. In spite of several studies carried out to define the better conditions to use E. nigrum in different crops, little is known about the establishment of an endophytic interaction, and its potential effects on plant physiology.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe report an approach based on inoculation followed by re-isolation, molecular monitoring, microscopic analysis, plant growth responses to fungal colonization, and antimicrobial activity tests to study the basic aspects of the E. nigrum endophytic interaction with sugarcane, and the effects of colonization on plant physiology. The results indicate that E. nigrum was capable of increasing the root system biomass and producing compounds that inhibit the in vitro growth of sugarcane pathogens Fusarium verticillioides, Colletotrichum falcatum, Ceratocystis paradoxa, and Xanthomomas albilineans. In addition, E. nigrum preferentially colonizes the sugarcane surface and, occasionally, the endophytic environment.Conclusions/SignificanceOur work demonstrates that E. nigrum has great potential for sugarcane crop application because it is capable of increasing the root system biomass and controlling pathogens. The study of the basic aspects of the interaction of E. nigrum with sugarcane demonstrated the facultative endophytism of E. nigrum and its preference for the phylloplane environment, which should be considered in future studies of biocontrol using this species. In addition, this work contributes to the knowledge of the interaction of this ubiquitous endophyte with the host plant, and also to a better use of microbial endophytes in agriculture.

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Polyphasic Analysis of Intraspecific Diversity in Epicoccum nigrum Warrants Reclassification into Separate Species

Cited by 53 publications

References 83 publications

A novel source of the cardiac glycoside digoxin from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum : isolation, characterization, production enhancement by gamma irradiation mutagenesis and anticancer activity evaluation

A novel source of the cardiac glycoside digoxin from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum : isolation, characterization, production enhancement by gamma irradiation mutagenesis and anticancer activity evaluation

Genome Sequence of the Saprophytic Ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum Strain ICMP 19927, Isolated from New Zealand

Epicoccum nigrum P16, a Sugarcane Endophyte, Produces Antifungal Compounds and Induces Root Growth

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