Polyphasic characterization and antimicrobial properties of Induratia species isolated from Coffea arabica in Brazil

Abstract

Fungi belonging to the genus Induratia are endophytes that have received considerable attention because of the production of natural bioactive secondary metabolites, such as volatile compounds, with antimicrobial activity. In this study, we distinguished I. coffeana and Induratia sp. isolated from Coffea arabica in Brazil based on three-loci phylogeny, ITS, RPB2, and TUB2. The Induratia isolates showed high morphological plasticity and produced different volatile organic compounds, indicating that these compounds might not be correlated with their phylogenetic assignment. However, PLS-DA was able to discriminate Induratia isolates into three different clusters: one associated with I. coffeana and two with Induratia sp. Induratia isolates showed biofumigant activity against Botrytis cinerea with emphasis on I. coffeana (CML 4019), which inhibited the pathogenic fungus in postharvest strawberries. Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita was also observed in filtrates and volatile compounds produced by Induratia isolates. Moreover, we observed that I. coffeana (CML 4019) metabolites showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. faecium and that extracts of seven other Induratia isolates reduced the pre-formed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Metabolites from Induratia spp. modulating key enzymes in human hemostasis

“…(CML 4013) were isolated from healthy fresh leaves and stems of coffee plants (Coffea arabica). The plants were growing spontaneously in a secondary forest in Mata do Paraíso (20° 48′ 03.4″ S, 42° 51′ 42.6″ W), Zona da Mata region, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Guimarães et al 2021).…”

“…The various metabolites, volatile or not, produced by the fungi of the genus Induratia (e.g., alcohols, amines, acids, esters, ketones, and some hydrocarbons) can perform hormonal, antibiotic, antitumor, antidepressant, antifungal, cytotoxic, antiviral, immunosuppressive, antiparasitic, and antioxidant activities (Kusari and Spiteller 2011;Strobel 2014;Demain 2014;Meshram et al 2014;Saxena et al 2015;Li et al 2018;Kaddes et al 2019). VOCs produced by Induratia yucatanensis (as Muscodor yucatanensis) showed lethal effects against different phytopathogenic fungi as Guignardia mangiferae, Colletotrichum sp., Phomopsis sp., Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia sp., Phytophthora capsici, P. parasitica, Botrytis cenerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Cercospora coffeicola (Macías-Rubalcava et al 2010;Monteiro et al 2017).…”

“…Induratia darjeelingensis showed inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase, the main enzyme responsible for the production of uric acid (Kapoor and Saxena 2016). Therefore, some species of this genus showed promising antimicrobial, anti-obesity, and antioxidant activities and were reported as possible sources for the development of new pharmaceutical products (Kusari and Spiteller 2011;Demain 2014;Gupta and Meshram 2018;Hyde et al 2019).…”

“…Our research group has previously worked with I. coffeana, and Induratia sp. isolated from Coffea arabica L. We reported several properties for these fungi, such as the synthesis of enzymes that degrade different carbon sources, the production of volatile compounds with antimicrobial and nematicidal activities, biocontrol of postharvest diseases, and biological control of common bean diseases (Alves et al 2016;Monteiro et al 2020;Guimarães et al 2021;Mota et al 2021). In an unprecedented way, we also investigated the presence of enzymatic modulators in the ethyl acetate extracts obtained from Induratia spp.…”

Muscodor spp. controls tomato wilt disease by Ralstonia solanacearum and increases yield and total soluble solids content in tomatoes

“…, Penicillium digitatum(Pena et al, 2019), Botrytis cinerea(Guimarães et al, 2021), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Pseudocercospora griseola(Mota et al, 2021) Gomes et al (2023). showed that Muscodor coffeanum isolates from coffee plants presented antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus ochraceus, A. sclerotiorum, A. elegans, A. foetidus, A. avus, A. tamari, A. tubingensis, A. sydowii, A. niger, A. caespitosus, A. versicolor, and Penicillium expansum, In addition, M. coffeanum showed nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and E. faecium, and even reduced preformed bio lms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis…”