Polyphenol Effects on Splenic Cytokine Response in Post-Weaning Contactin 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mice

Abstract

Background: In mice, postnatal immune development has previously been investigated, and evidence of a delayed maturation of the adaptive immune response has been detected. Methods: In this study, the effects of red grape polyphenol oral administration on the murine immune response were explored using pregnant mice (TAG/F3 transgenic and wild type (wt) mice) as the animal model. The study was performed during pregnancy as well as during lactation until postnatal day 8. Suckling pups from polyphenol-administered dams as well as day 30 post-weaning pups (dietary-administered with polyphenols) were used. Polyphenol effects were evaluated, measuring splenic cytokine secretion. Results: Phorbol myristate acetate-activated splenocytes underwent the highest cytokine production at day 30 in both wt and TAG/F3 mice. In the latter, release of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was found to be higher than in the wt counterpart. In this context, polyphenols exerted modulating activities on day 30 TAG/F3 mice, inducing release of interleukin (IL)-10 in hetero mice while abrogating release of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 in homo and hetero mice. Conclusion: Polyphenols are able to prevent the development of an inflammatory/allergic profile in postnatal TAG/F3 mice.

Neuroprotection Afforded by an Enriched Mediterranean-like Diet Is Modified by Exercise in a Rat Male Model of Cerebral Ischemia

“…Our findings revealed low basal levels of circulating cytokines/chemokines and a delayed immune response in rats on a pre-emptive enriched Mediterranean-like diet post-ischemia. The spleen, which is crucial in post-damage adaptive immune responses, including ischemia [60,61], appears to be positively influenced by this diet, as supported by previous studies [62,63]. Interestingly, previous studies showed that either the pre-tMCAO removal of the spleen or its post-tMCAO irradiation results in lower infarct volumes and white blood cell counts [64][65][66].…”

Bioaccessible Raspberry Extracts Enriched in Ellagitannins and Ellagic Acid Derivatives Have Anti-Neuroinflammatory Properties

“…Conversely, 00123A7 did not exhibit any significant effect. Previous studies have already provided evidence that certain (poly)phenols are able to induce IL-10 release, as some found in red grapes [ 32 ] or green tea [ 33 ], but this is the first report of raspberry (poly)phenols exhibiting such an effect. Thereby, we conclude that the higher levels of ETs, ET degradation products and EA derivatives in the 2J19 GIB sample not only attenuate pro-inflammatory markers, but also are capable of inducing a direct anti-inflammatory action by inducing IL-10 release, hampering microglial pro-inflammatory cascades as the inflammasome ( Figure 2 E).…”

Neuroprotection afforded by an enriched Mediterranean-like diet is modified by exercise in a rat model of cerebral ischemia

“…Our study has found important data showing basal low levels of circulating cytokines/chemokines and a delayed immune response in rats fed on enriched Mediterranean-like diet following ischemic damage. It is well-known that the spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ with a major role in the induction of adaptive immune responses following damage, including ischemia [71,72] and, interestingly, some studies have suggested that either a Mediterranean diet [73] or polyphenols [24,74] has a positive immunomodulatory effect on the spleen. Interestingly, previous studies showed that either the pre-tMCAO removal of the spleen or its post-tMCAO irradiation results in lower infarct volumes and white blood cell counts [75][76][77].…”