Polyphenol-rich seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extract suppresses breast tumour via hormone modulation and apoptosis induction

Effects of laver extracts on adhesion, invasion, and migration in SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cancer cells

“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that seaweed extract inhibits the growth of human cancer cells. Namvar et al 38) showed that edible red seaweed Eucheuma cottonii inhibited the growth of both estrogen-dependent MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MB-MDA-231 human breast cancer cells. Also they found that E. cottonii extract (0-300 mg/kg) inhibited tumor incidence (87.5% in control vs. 12.5% in 300 mg/kg in E. cottonii extract) and tumor volume (10.7 cm 3 in control and 0.9 cm 3 in 300 mg/kg E. cottonii extract) in the cancer-induced rats.…”

Cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via seaweed aqueous extract

“…14 As mentioned in previous reports, 15 seaweed is a subgroup of macroalgae and an available food source in many countries, traditionally those in south-east Asia. 16 Seaweed contains a number of potentially biologically active ingredients, including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, vitamins, soluble fiber, and minerals, with multiple medical applications in cancer, 17 inflammation, 18 allergy, 19 diabetes, 20 thrombosis, 21 and obesity (by bringing down the caloric value of the diet), 22 and may be useful in the reduction of lipid absorption and risk of cardiovascular disease, 23 hypertension, 24 and other degenerative diseases. 25 These biomedical applications of seaweed are mainly due to its functional groups, which act as capping agents in a green single-step process.…”

Malaysian Medicinal Plants’ Potential for Breast Cancer Therapy

“…Vernodalin isolated from Centratherum anthelminticum seeds inhibits cell growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, increased of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production coupled with a downregulation of antiapoptotic molecules (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) led to reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol which triggered activation of caspase cascade, PARP cleavage, DNA damage and eventually cell death. These plants contain other chemicals that are not isolated but rather suspected to be the principal agent for the anticancer activities these are apigenin, apigenin glycosides, luteolin, luteolin-7 glucosides, p-coumarin, lupeol, lectins, naringin, nodifloretin, β silosterol, mangiferonic acid, pellitorine, kaempferol [38], curcumin, curcuminoids, a-turmerone, [33,37,39,40], quercetin [41,42], catechin, rutin [43], xanthorrhizol [40], mangiferin [44], ferric thiocyanate, thiobarbituric acid, isoquercetin, astragalin [45], damnacanthal [46], naphthoquinones [47], triterpenoids, flavonoids, gallic acid, gingerol [48] anonaine, isolaureline, annonamine [49], xanthones [50], flavonoids, stigmasterol, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid [51], among which many are reported for their cytotoxicity and chemopreventive activity against breast cancer cell that are promising anticancer agents and has been adapted for alternative cancer therapies. Many studied plants were shown to possess variable chemical compounds that possess a tumor suppressive activities and associated with potent anticancer responses, [37,40,44,[51][52][53].…”

“…This paper has shown that the cytotoxicity of plants that downregulate the anti-apopototic genes such as Bax/Bcl2 (apoptosis inducing genes) that promote cell death, like in Artocarpus obtusus [50], rise in Bax/Bcl2 ratio to induce apoptotic pathway like in Dillena suffruticosa [74] also in Z. offinalis [48], Juglans regia [47], L. pumila [75] and T. foenum [76] and on the other hand, the use of pro-apopotic genes like caspases, 3, 7, 8 and 9, and P53 has make a clear expression in in Artocarpus obtusus [50], C. sativum [95], G. macrophyllus [91], Persea declinata [80], P. minima [96], Sandoricum koetjape [89], T. foenum [94], S. wallichii [38], and Brassica oleracea [97]. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were the major biological pathway in cell death, and plant with highest apoptosis were A. sativum [33,60], C. sativum [98], Anisochilus carnosus, P. minima [52,96], Sandoricum koetjape [89], E. cottonii [43], C. xanthorrhiza [40], Nigella sativa [99], R. rosea [94], Sanchezia speciosa [100], and Ipomoea quamoclit [101], and those with least apoptosis were Phyla nodiflora [102], Brassica olorecea [97], Murraya koenigii [42], and Hydnophytum formicarum [103] while those plant that shows apoptosis with morphological changes includes E. longifolia [85], S. ferruginea [104], Syzygium aromaticum [63], C. longa [33,37], A. precatorius [59]...…”