POLYPHENOLIC COMPONENTS OFRHUS CORIARIALEAVES

Abstract

We have already reported (1971) that Syrian sumach (Rhus coriaria) leaves (23.35% tannins) contain (1966, 1971), beside the main polyphenolic component gallotannin the flavonols myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, together with ellagic acid, m-digallic acid and gallic acid. All were isolated and identified after acid hydrolysis of both the ethyl acetate (E) and methanol (M) extracts. It is noteworthy to point out that the flavonols already mentioned could not be identified in either extracts (E or M) prior to acid hydrolysis. P e r k i n and A 11 e n (1896) were able to isolate gallic acid and its derivatives, together with myricetin from R. coriaria leaves. Also the flavonol fisetin was later isolated from the wood of R. szrccedanea (0 y a m a d a , 1939) and from the stem of R. rhodunthema ( P e r k i n , 1897). However, these flavonoid aglycones were similarly isolated only after acid hydrolysis of the plant extracts.Trials were then made to isolate and identify glycosidic flavonoids probably present in the investigated Rhus coriaria leaves.As already pointed out, ethyl gallate (CeHlo05) was isolated from the acetate extract (E) of the leaf material.The methyl ester of gallic acid (CBHBOS), isolated from the same extract (E) through adsorption chromatography could also be separated from a n acetonet water extract of the leaves; thus showing that this ester, also isolated from this extract during elution with methanol is originally contained in the investigated plant material, but not formed as a result of methanolysis of the gallic acid present in the same extract during elution with waterlmethanol mixtures.In addition, the identified flavonoid glycosides, namely quercetin-3-glucoside (isoquercitrin, C2iH2001a) and myricetin-3-rhamnoside (myricitrin, C21H20012) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract (E).Beside reference paper chromatography with authentic materials, the identification of both flavonoid glycosides given above was confirmed by both physical as well as chemical methods of analysis including acid hydrolysis and preparation of some of the corresponding derivatives. ExperimentalThe ethyl acetate extract (E) of Syrian Rhus coriaria leaves, containing 12 components of polyphenolic nature was applied on a polyamide (Ultramid BM2, BASF, Germany) colurnn. Elution with water, followed by waterlmethanol mixtures gave rise to 10 fractions, whereby UV light as well as specific colour reagents were engaged. El Sissi et al., Polyphenolic Components of Rhus Bd. 21, Heft 1Fraction I proved to contain mainly sugars. These were purified, then paper chromatographically identified as already given ( E l S i s s i et al., 1966).

Metabolite Fingerprinting of Kersting's Groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] Seeds Using UPLC-qTOF-MS Reveals the Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Potentials of the Orphan Legume

“…These compounds are ubiquitous in the seeds of many grain legumes such as cowpea, pea, common bean and horse gram (42)(43)(44)(45). Even though the UV spectra of peak 26 was similar to that of gallic acid, the retention times were different; nevertheless, the compound was identified as the hydrolysable tannin, digallic acid, based on the MS data previously reported by El Sissi et al (38). The presence of these phenolic acids in plants is linked to diverse functions, including nutrient uptake, protein synthesis, enzymatic, and photosynthetic activities (46).…”

“…In this study, 15 (38), this compound was assigned to the hydrolysable tannin, digallic acid. The above analytical approach also led to the proposed identification of peaks 27 and 55 as pyrogallic acid and phenyl lactic acid, respectively.…”

Bioactive constituents from Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. and Rhus coriaria L

“…However, these compounds were previously identified in the leaves[12] but isolated for the first time from the fruits of R. coriaria L.…”

“…[10] Phenolic constituents of Sumac were dealt with in previous reports. [1112] However, nothing could be traced on the phenolic constituents of sumac fruits marketed in Egypt.…”

Phytochemistry , Pharmacological Properties and Industrial Applications of Rhus Coriaria L. ( Sumac )

“…In fact, the galloylated-glucose derivatives were previously studied in R. coriaria leaves using UV, paper chromatography, and IR measurements, in addition to the column chromatography technique which was used to uncover the existence of flavonoid glycosides (El Sissi et al, 1972). Flavonoid dimers (with antiviral activity) like amenthoflavone (8), agathisflavone (9), hinokiflavone (10), and sumaflavone (11) have also been identified in the leaves and fruits via LC and LC-MS (Van Loo et al, 1988;Abu-Reidah et al, 2014).…”