Polyphenolic Constituent Structures ofZanthoxylum piperitumFruit and the Antibacterial Effects of Its Polymeric Procyanidin on Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus

Antimycobacterial Activity Some Different Lamiaceae Plant Extracts Containing Flavonoids and Other Phenolic Compounds

“…Until 2004, it was suggested Lamb, 2005, 2011) that their antibacterial efficacy was dependent upon cytoplasmic membrane damage by perforation (Ikigai et al, 1993), inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (Mori et al, 1987) and disruption of energy metabolism due to NADH-cytochrome c reductase inhibition (Haraguchi et al, 1998). Currently, some other supporting mechanisms have emerged to indicate the role of flavonoids in antibacterial activity; these mechanisms include damage to the cytoplasmic membrane by generating hydrogen peroxide (Tamba et al, 2007;Kusuda et al, 2006;Sirk et al, 2008), inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis (Gradisar et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2010) and inhibition of ATP synthase (Chinnam et al, 2010). While Puupponen-Pimiä et al (2001) reported that catechin, rutin and quercetin did not affect the growth of E. coli, Vaquero et al, (2007) reported that quercetin was the strongest inhibitor active against bacteria, dependent on concentration.…”

Functional Analysis of Natural Polyphenols and Saponins as Alternative Medicines

“…MIC of streptomycin for the MRSA strains and for a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus strain decreased upon the addition of theasinensin A (Hatano et al, 2003a). Condensed proanthocyanidin obtained from pericarpus of Japanese pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum) also decreased MIC of -lactam antibiotics (Kusuda et al, 2006).…”

Safety evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil by assessing micronucleus abnormalities, mutagenicity, and chromosomal aberration

“…Z. piperitum leaf extract is used as a diuretic in traditional Asian medicine (Jiang & Kubota, 2001) and for treating vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain (Kim, 1984). Z. piperitum has been used as an antibacterial agent (Choi, Chang, Lee, & Kim, 2008;Kusuda et al, 2006), as a cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor (Park, Lee, An, & Jeong, 2007), and for hepatoprotection (Lee & Lim, 2008).…”