Polyphenolic Extract ofIchnocarpus FrutescensAttenuates Diabetic Complications in Streptozotocin-Treated Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes. Oxidative stress is implicated as an important mechanism by which diabetes causes nephropathy. The aim of the study was to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in the progression of nephropathy in STZ diabetic animals and to evaluate the potential of polyphenolic extract (PPE) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined whether prolonged oral administration of polyphenolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens could prevent the progress or improve the outcome of diabetic nephropathy induced by oxidative stress in STZ diabetic rats. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) revealed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels at 180 min after glucose loading in Wistar albino rats fed with PPE. During the eight weeks of experimental period, diabetic rats exhibited wide range of symptoms, including loss of body weight, hyperglycemia, polyuria, proteinuria, renal enlargement, and total renal dysfunction. A significant increase in TBARS level was observed in diabetic kidney, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels. After eight weeks, PPE-treated groups showed a lower level of blood glucose compared with non-treated STZ diabetic rats. The increases in urinary albumin and protein after eight weeks of treatment were significantly inhibited by prolonged treatment with PPE. In addition, PPE attenuates the adverse effects on hepatic biomarkers. We found that PPE can effectively protect against aldose reductase activity and protein damage (albumin glycation), and showed that its action was mainly due to enriched polyphenolic content. Our results also showed that treatment with PPE normalized the increase in hyperalgesia (i.e., the response to thermal stimuli) associated with the induction of diabetes by STZ. PPE administration in diabetic rats clearly ameliorated diabetic complications, suggesting not only a natural antioxidant but also supportive therapy for the treatment of type II diabetes.

Zinc Chloride Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

“…Fasting, tail-vein, blood glucose was measured three days after injection by using one touch glucometer (Yi Cheng, BeiJing, China), and rats that have a glucose level over 250 mg/dl were considered diabetic [34]. The normal control group received citrate buffer.…”

Oleanolic acid prevents progression of streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy and protects renal microstructures in Sprague Dawley rats

“…rats by intra peritoneal administration of STZ (Sigma) at 55 mg/kg dose as a solution in 0.1 mol/L citrate buffer (pH 4.4). [17] To avoid STZ induced hypoglycemia, the rats were provided with 5% glucose solution instead of drinking water for the first 24 h after STZ challenge. Two days after STZ injection, blood samples were collected and serum glucose levels were estimated using the GOD-PAP diagnostic kit (Span Diagnostic, India).…”

Phytochemical Management of Diabetic Complications, Experimental Evidences

“…Roots are used as a demulcent, alterative, tonic, and diuretic, diaphoretic and are used as a substitute for Indian Sarsaparilla [19]. Significant reduction in urinary albumin and protein, effective protection against aldose reductase activity and protein damage concluded the possible therapeutic potential of a polyphenolic extract of I. frutescens in diabetic nephropathy [20].…”