Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Abstract

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity. Polyphenolics have proven antioxidant activity, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have isolated the polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica and investigated its effect against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Acacia nilotica polyphenolics prepared from column chromatography of the crude methanol extract using diaion resin contained a phenolic content of 452.185 ± 7.879 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of sample and flavonoid content of 200.075 ± 0.755 mg catechin equivalent/gm of sample. The polyphenolics exhibited potent antioxidant activity with respect to free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Administration of arsenic in mice showed a reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain which was counteracted by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Similarly, elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione in the brain of mice was effectively restored to normal level by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Gallic acid methyl ester, catechin and catechin-7-gallate were identified in the polyphenolics as the major active compounds. These results suggest that Acacia nilotica polyphenolics due to its strong antioxidant potential might be effective in the management of arsenic induced neurotoxicity.

Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract of Acacia nilotica pods

“…Enayat et al (2012) reported the presence of tannins and polyphenols in A. nilotica pods extract. In a recent study, Foyzun et al (2022) have reported 256.752±10.086 mg GAE/g of total phenolic content in crude methanol extract of A. nilotica pods which appeared very close to those obtained in our study (257.61±4.22 mg GAE/g). However, the content of flavonoids was found with much higher content when compared to the earlier cited research works.…”

“…Similar result was reported by Alsiddig et al (2015), where the ethanol extract of A. nilotica pods was able to scavenge the DPPH with 93%. Also, from the results published by Foyzun et al (2022), it was highlighted that at 12.5 µg/mL concentration, methanol extract of A. nilotica pods was able to strongly scavenge the DPPH. With the ABTS and H 2 O 2 radical scavenging methods, the methanol extract of A. nilotica pods was found to significantly scavenge free radical in a dose dependent manner.…”

“…From the first aspect regarding the determination of the quantity of polyphenols, results obtained in this study indicate that A. nilotica pods are very rich in phenolic substances. Many researchers across the world have investigated the phenolic composition of different parts of A. nilotica (Kalaivani and Mathew, 2010b;Enayat et al, 2012;Sulaiman and Gopalakrishnan, 2013;Sadiq et al, 2017;Foyzun et al, 2022) and most have highlighted its richness in phytochemical compounds with probable therapeutic potentials. Sulaiman and Gopalakrishnan (2013) reported that the phenolic compounds were best extracted via methanol from A. nilotica pods.…”

Hypoglycemic, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective potentials of crude methanolic extract from Acacia nilotica L. – results of an in vitro study

“…On the other hand, several preclinical and clinical studies support the potential functional and nutraceutical use of A. nilotica , owing to its diversified phytochemistry and bioactivities (Abduljawad, 2020 ; Saeedi et al., 2020 ). This plant's polyphenolic extract reportedly helps reduce induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress conditions in an animal model (Foyzun et al., 2022 ). Moreover, A. nilotica extract restored glucose homeostasis by inhibiting JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase) and upregulation of insulin (Majeed et al., 2021 ).…”

Conventional methods and future trends in antimicrobial susceptibility testing

“…Recent reports on plant-derived compounds such as polyphenolics, alkaloids and other plant extracts proclaim plants as unrealized source of antimicrobial agents ( Othman et al, 2019 ). However, a good number of polyphenolics, alkaloids and flavonoids reported from different plants are still awaiting to be tested for their antimicrobial activity ( Ahammed et al, 2021 , Islam et al, 2021 , Al-Amin et al, 2022 , Foyzun et al, 2022 , Mustafa et al, 2022 , Pawar et al, 2022 ).…”