Polyphenols and Glycemic Control

Kim, Yoona; Keogh, Jennifer B.; Clifton, Peter

doi:10.3390/nu8010017

Cited by 440 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…Resveratrol is found in berries, grape skins, red wine, Japanese knotweed, peanuts, and roots of rhubarb (Kim et al, 2016), and it has two isomeric forms (Ali et al, 2010). Several studies have reported blood-glucose-lowering effects of resveratrol in animal models (Jiang et al, 2013; Szkudelski and Szkudelska, 2015).…”

Section: Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes

2017

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Diabetes mellitus is a common effect of uncontrolled high blood sugar and it is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. In the adult population, the global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled since 1980. Without effective prevention and management programs, the continuing significant rise in diabetes will have grave consequences on the health and lifespan of the world population, and also on the world economy. Supplements can be used to correct nutritional deficiencies or to maintain an adequate intake of certain nutrients. These are often used as treatments for diabetes, sometimes because they have lower costs, or are more accessible or “natural” compared to prescribed medications. Several vitamins, minerals, botanicals, and secondary metabolites have been reported to elicit beneficial effects in hypoglycemic actions in vivo and in vitro; however, the data remain conflicting. Many pharmaceuticals commonly used today are structurally derived from natural compounds from traditional medicinal plants. Botanicals that are most frequently used to help manage blood glucose include: bitter melon (Momordica charantia), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum), gurmar (Gymnema sylvestre), ivy gourd (Coccinia indica), nopal (Opuntia spp.), ginseng, Russian tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), psyllium (Plantago ovata), and garlic (Allium sativum). In majority of the herbal products and secondary metabolites used in treating diabetes, the mechanisms of action involve regulation of insulin signaling pathways, translocation of GLUT-4 receptor and/or activation the PPARγ. Several flavonoids inhibit glucose absorption by inhibiting intestinal α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In-depth studies to validate the efficacies and safeties of extracts of these traditional medicinal plants are needed, and large, well designed, clinical studies need to be carried out before the use of such preparations can be recommended for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes. The main focus of this review is to describe what we know to date of the active compounds in these, along with their glucose-lowering mechanisms, which are either through insulin-mimicking activity or enhanced glucose uptake.

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Section: Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes

2017

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“…Due to their redox abilities; these compounds contribute to the total antioxidant activities of GSMLE. The mechanisms of their antioxidant activity in cells; are neutralizing free radicals and preventing decomposition of hydroperoxides into free radicals that subsequently damage cells (Li et al, 2009) and hence, have potential in prevention and management of diabetics (Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre Methanol Leaf Extract

Ibrahim

Tijjani

Yusuf

et al. 2017

ESJ

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Some medicinal plants and their purified derivatives have demonstrated beneficial therapeutic potentials for many centuries. They have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity, reducing the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study evaluated antioxidative activity and enzymatic (alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase) inhibitory potentials of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract (GSMLE) using standard methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The total phenolics and total flavonoids content in the extract were found to be 6.629±0.745 (µg/ml of catechol equivalent) and 0.004±0.0012 (µg/ml of quercetin equivalent) respectively. GSMLE was shown to have radical scavenging activity against DPPH (290.54 ± 39.72 %), hydroxyl radical (86.507 ± 23.55 %) and hydrogen peroxide (45.25 ± 25.23 %). The level of SOD was significantly decreased in H2O2 induced and European Scientific Journal December 2017 edition Vol.13, No.36 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 219 H2O2+extract induced when compared with normal control (p<0.05); the level of GSH was significantly increased in H2O2 induced control and significantly decreased in H2O2+extract induced test when compared to normal control. GSH was also decreased significantly in H2O2+extract induced when compared to H2O2 induced control (p<0.05). The extract also demonstrated significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 182.26 ±1.05μg/ml) when compared with standard acarbose (IC50 189.52±0.46) and was more potent than the arcarbose on alpha-amylase inhibition with IC50 of 195.3±4.40 and 200.05±7.16 respectively. These findings may therefore, stress the potentiality of using Gymnema sylvestre as a natural remedy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Polyphenols have the potential to inhibit key enzymes that are responsible for the digestion of dietary carbohydrates (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and thus modify the postprandial glycemic response [18]. In vitro studies have shown that polyphenol-rich extracts from berries are efective in the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase at low levels.…”

Section: Health Beneitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among lavonoid subclasses, lavonols and lavanols were associated with a signiicantly reduced risk of diabetes [22]. A comprehensive review by Kim et al [18] summarizes epidemiological and clinical studies that investigated the relationship between food rich in polyphenols and risk of diabetes type 2. Despite promising data from in vitro and animal studies, the number of intervention surveys conducted on human beings is small.…”

Section: Health Beneitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols: Food Sources and Health Benefits

Mrduljaš¹,

Krešić²,

Bilušić³

2017

Functional Food - Improve Health Through Adequate Food

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The current scientiic knowledge on the relationship between diet and human health is greatly focused on the efects of phytochemicals, especially polyphenols, on chronic diseases, due to their preventive efect as shown by many epidemiological studies. Herbs, cocoa products, and darkly colored berries, such as black elderberries, chokeberries, and black currants, are the richest dietary sources that contribute to the average intake of polyphenols of about 1 g/day. Polyphenols that are the most common in the human diet are not necessarily the most active in the body because their beneicial efects depend on the plant matrix in which they are incorporated and on processing methods and endogenous factors such as microbiota and digestive enzymes. Polyphenol-rich foods are considered as being potential functional foods due to antioxidant, anti-inlammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, vasodilating, and prebiotic-like properties. This review will outline indings on the preventive efects of polyphenols on chronic diseases, the factors afecting polyphenol bioavailability and bioaccessibility, and new trends in functional food production.

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Polyphenols and Glycemic Control

Cited by 440 publications

References 183 publications

An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes

An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes

In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre Methanol Leaf Extract

Polyphenols: Food Sources and Health Benefits

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