Polyphenols: do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies?

Tapiero, Haïm; Tew, K.D; Ba, G Nguyen; Mathé, G

doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00178-6

Cited by 496 publications

(304 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Phenolics are well established compounds for biochemical activities such as antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, as well as have ability to modify the gene expression. 38,39 Moreover it has been reported that, certain phenols have been identified as potential neuroprotective compounds, aiming to one of the greater challenges in drug discovery today. 40 Flavonoids in addition possess multifaceted beneficial bioactive qualities for health, such as antiallergic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, lowering blood pressure and plasma lipids and conferring cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Hemalatha¹,

Sharma²,

Prasad³

2016

Phcogj

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Introduction: To establish the pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization parameters of Pyrus pashia fruits in order to ensure quality and safety of this traditionally acclaimed medicinal tree. Methods: The fresh fruits of P. pashia were collected and dried. Fruit was subjected to various pharmacognostical investigations, Extraction procedures, and preliminary phytochemical screening, according to WHO guidelines. Ethanolic extract was standardized to total phenolic and flavonoid content, followed by phyto chemical quantification of P. pashia extract using lupeol as a chemical marker by HPLC method. Results: In the present study, microscopy of the fruit showed typical characteristics of berry, having thick fleshy pericarp differentiated into thin epicarp and thick mesocarp having wide radiating carpel chambers with one or two seeds attached in axile placentum. Further, physicochemical evaluation was done like, loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, fluorescence analysis etc. Heavy metal and pesticide residue analysis was also performed. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia (EPP) obtained from cold maceration and phytochemical screening of different fractions obtained by

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Hemalatha¹,

Sharma²,

Prasad³

2016

Phcogj

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“…The main classes of polyphenols are phenolic acids (mainly caffeic acid) and flavonoids [the most abundant in the diet are flavanols (catechins plus proanthocyanidins), anthocyanins, and their oxidation products], which account for one-and two-thirds of polyphenols, respectively (32). Polyphenols are reducing agents that may protect the body's tissues against oxidative stress and associated pathologies such as cancer, chronic heart disease, vascular diseases, and inflammation (32,33). It is important to understand the nature of the main polyphenols ingested, their dietary origin, the amounts consumed in different diets, their bioavailability, and the factors controlling their bioavailability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of pomegranate juice on oxidation-sensitive genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity at sites of perturbed shear stress

Nigris

Williams-Ignarro

Lerman

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

131

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Atherosclerosis is enhanced in arterial segments exposed to disturbed flow. Perturbed shear stress increases the expression of oxidation-sensitive responsive genes (such as ELK-1 and p-JUN) in the endothelium. Evidence suggests that polyphenolic antioxidants contained in the juice derived from the pomegranate can contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and atherogenesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of intervention with pomegranate juice (PJ) on oxidation-sensitive genes and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression induced by high shear stress in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells (EC) exposed to high shear stress in vitro and hypercholesterolemic mice were used in this study. PJ concentrate reduced the activation of redox-sensitive genes (ELK-1 and p-JUN) and increased eNOS expression (which was decreased by perturbed shear stress) in cultured EC and in atherosclerosis-prone areas of hypercholesterolemic mice. Moreover, oral administration of PJ to hypercholesterolemic mice at various stages of disease reduced significantly the progression of atherosclerosis. This experimental study indicates that the proatherogenic effects induced by perturbed shear stress can be reversed by chronic administration of PJ. This approach may have implications for the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations.V ascular endothelial cells (EC) are constantly subjected to hemodynamic forces inducing shear stress, which stimulates physiologically the release of NO by constitutively expressed endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (1). Perturbed shear stress alone or high shear stress associated with other classical risk factors of atherosclerosis may trigger signal transduction events that in turn may lead to endothelial dysfunction and enhanced atherogenesis (2-4). It has been demonstrated that areas highly prone to atherosclerosis have unique patterns of disturbed flow, characterized by regions of flow separation, recirculation, and temporal and spatial gradients of shear stress (4). Furthermore, vascular EC under perturbed shear stress increase their production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals that are capable of inducing oxidative stress (5-12). NO controls vascular oxidative stress and the expression of redox-regulated genes (13,14). Evidence exists that eNOS activity is reduced at sites of perturbed shear stress (2, 5-8, 11).There is an abundant mythological and ancient history regarding the pomegranate fruit (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). In Greece, pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) was known as the ''fruit of the dead,'' and in the Hebrew tradition, pomegranates adorned the vestments of the high priest. In Babylonia, the pomegranate was an agent of resurrection, and the Persians believed that pomegranate seeds conferred invincibility on the battlefield. In China, the pomegranate fruit symbolized longevity. The fruit of the pomegranate (Ϸ50% of total pomegranate weight) consists of 80% juice and 20% seeds. The fresh ...

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“…Chlorogenic acids and CA have an antioxidant potency in vitro and might inhibit the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (Tapiero, Tew, Nguyen Ba, & Mathé, 2002). CGA and CA showed ability to inhibit N-nitrosation of an aromatic compound (2,3-diaminonaphthalene) via scavenging nitrogen sesquioxide (N 2 O 3 ) faster than most of other antioxidants (Kono et al, 1997).…”

Section: Antioxidant Activity Of Hydroxycinnamic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review

Rocha¹,

Monteiro²,

Teodoro

2012

CCO

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Hydroxycinnamic acid compounds are an important source of antioxidants due to their ubiquitous occurrence in the plant kingdom and their characteristic activities. Due to their antioxidant activity, several researchers have attributed a probable role of these compounds in the prevention of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence suggests that these compounds may also act by other mechanisms in addition to the antioxidant capacity as modulating the activity of some specific enzymes and inhibit cell proliferation. This paper is a comprehensive review of the effects of hydroxycinnamic acids on cancer. The review encompasses the occurrence and bioavailability of these compounds evidences for their effects on cancer and the various mechanisms by which may exert their effects. There are several common mechanisms by which these chemicals exert their effects that could be conducive to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. These include effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis; effects on proteins and enzymes that are involved in these processes at a molecular level, and other various effects through altered immune function and chemical metabolism.

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Polyphenols: do they play a role in the prevention of human pathologies?

Cited by 496 publications

References 73 publications

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Beneficial effects of pomegranate juice on oxidation-sensitive genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity at sites of perturbed shear stress

Anticancer Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids -A Review

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