Polyphenols for Livestock Feed: Sustainable Perspectives for Animal Husbandry?

Formato, Marialuisa; Cimmino, Giovanna; Brahmi-Chendouh, Nabila; Piccolella, Simona; Pacifico, Severina

doi:10.3390/molecules27227752

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…A flavonoid extract from A. sissoo reduced the population of protozoa, resulting in increased propionic acid and a marked decline in methane production, which was comparable with the results of this study [54]. Studies using extracts containing quercetin (the main polyphenol in DAP) have shown a reduction in protozoa, inhibition of methanogen populations, and changes in VFA profiles [55] especially reducing acetate to propionate ratio, which was noticed also in the current study. The inclusion of dietary Indian gooseberry fruit pomace, which is rich in polyphenolic compounds, resulted in lowered methane production in lactating buffaloes [56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Feeding Dried Apple Pomace on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Emission, and Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows

Gadulrab,

Sidoruk,

Kozłowska

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Industrial fruit by-products are now being utilized as animal feeds for several reasons. They may substitute the conventional cereal feeds, and also offer economic and environmental benefits. One of the most important industrial fruit by-products is apple pomace, which can be used as a source of energy in the ration of ruminant species, including dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding dried apple pomace to dairy cattle on ruminal fermentation, fatty acid concentration, microbial populations, and methane production. The experiment lasted 64 days and was conducted with 4 cannulated commercial dairy cows. The control animals received a standard diet, while the experimental animals was fed a standard diet supplemented with 150 g/kg DM dried apple pomace. Ruminal fluid samples were collected at three different time intervals. The samples were obtained at 0-, 3-, and 6-h post-feeding. The ruminal fluid was used to assess the ammonia concentration, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), long-chain fatty acids (FA), microbial population. A number of ruminal fermentation variables changed as a result of the addition of dried apple pomace to the standard diet. Ruminal pH slightly increased (p < 0.01) while the ammonia concentration decreased (p < 0.01) by 46%. There was a significant decrease in total protozoa count (p < 0.01) and an increase (p < 0.01) in total volatile fatty acids. In addition, there was a decline in methane emission (p = 0.05) by 8% due to dried apple pomace feeding. To sum up, this study demonstrated a positive effect of 150 g/kg DM dietary dried apple pomace on ruminal metabolism including a decrease in ammonia concentration and methane emissions, alongside with an increase in total ruminal VFAs, higher nutrient digestibility, and milk production. Also, beneficial changes to the ruminal fatty acid profile resulting from reduced biohydrogenation were observed although a decreased content of the C18:2 cis 9 trans 11 isomer was also noticed. The dietary inclusion of DAP can serve as a valuable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly dietary component for dairy cows.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of Feeding Dried Apple Pomace on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Emission, and Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows

Gadulrab,

Sidoruk,

Kozłowska

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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“…A second 18:2 PUFA was detected, although as a minor constituent. Its identity could be ascribed to rumenic acid, the main conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), deriving from microbial metabolic processes occurring within the digestive tracts of ruminants and accumulating in the mammary gland [30]. Thus, it can be found in milk and dairy products, like yogurt or cheese, as well as vaccenic acid produced by the biohydrogenation processes in rumen, whose concentration is strongly influenced by cow feed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring New Fruit- and Vegetable-Derived Rennet for Cheese Making

Pacifico,

Caputo,

Piccolella

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Cheese production is an ancient practice to preserve a perishable food, such as milk, for a long time. The first step of cheese processing involves the addition of rennet, which contains the enzymes necessary for the hydrolysis and coagulation of the caseins present in milk. Typically, animal-derived rennet, such as calf rennet containing chymosin, are used as source of enzymes for cheese processing. Alternatively, microbial chymosin or recombinant chymosin is used. However, recently, plant-derived rennet such as the ones derived from thistle and bitter orange flowers and from artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) have also been demonstrated to be valid sources of enzymes for cheese processing. Therefore, herein, different plant and fruit extracts were tested and compared for their ability to coagulate milk caseins. In particular, beyond artichoke and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) extracts, those from pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.), papaya (Carica papaya L.), common fig (Ficus carica L.) milky sap, and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm.) were investigated for their proteolytic, esterase, and milk-clotting activities. The extracts were then exploited as vegetable and fruit rennet for the experimental production of cheeses, which were examined, after 30 days of maturation, for their moisture, fat, protein, and free fatty acid (FFA) content. Interestingly, the artichoke, cardoon, and thistle mushroom extracts showed high proteolytic activity compared to calf rennet, while the level of esterase activity appeared to be similar for all the extracts. The papaya extract showed the lowest proteolytic and esterase activity. Although the pH, moisture, fat, and protein contents were very similar to those of cheese made with calf rennet, the medium- and long-chain FFAs broadly differed among produced cheeses, with variations in the lipid quality indices.

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“…However, recent studies have shown that they might have multiple modes of action, interfering with several cell signalling pathways [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Although several studies have been conducted on polyphenols’ positive effects in human medicine [ 42 , 43 ] and animal farming [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ], only marginal attention has been paid to the underlying molecular mechanisms, which are not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the Protective Effects of Quercetin on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Toxicity in Bovine Foetal Hepatocyte-Derived Cells (BFH12)

Pauletto,

Giantin,

Tolosi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induces lipid peroxidation and mortality in bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cells (BFH12), with underlying transcriptional perturbations associated mainly with cancer, cellular damage, inflammation, bioactivation, and detoxification pathways. In this cell line, curcumin and resveratrol have proven to be effective in mitigating AFB1-induced toxicity. In this paper, we preliminarily assessed the potential anti-AFB1 activity of a natural polyphenol, quercetin (QUE), in BFH12 cells. To this end, we primarily measured QUE cytotoxicity using a WST-1 reagent. Then, we pre-treated the cells with QUE and exposed them to AFB1. The protective role of QUE was evaluated by measuring cytotoxicity, transcriptional changes (RNA-sequencing), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde production), and targeted post-transcriptional modifications (NQO1 and CYP3A enzymatic activity). The results demonstrated that QUE, like curcumin and resveratrol, reduced AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation and caused larger transcriptional variations than AFB1 alone. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in lipid homeostasis, inflammatory and immune processes, and carcinogenesis. As for enzymatic activities, QUE significantly reverted CYP3A variations induced by AFB1, but not those of NQO1. This study provides new knowledge about key molecular mechanisms involved in QUE-mediated protection against AFB1 toxicity and encourages in vivo studies to assess QUE’s bioavailability and beneficial effects on aflatoxicosis.

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Polyphenols for Livestock Feed: Sustainable Perspectives for Animal Husbandry?

Cited by 14 publications

References 167 publications

Effect of Feeding Dried Apple Pomace on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Emission, and Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows

Effect of Feeding Dried Apple Pomace on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Emission, and Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows

Exploring New Fruit- and Vegetable-Derived Rennet for Cheese Making

Discovering the Protective Effects of Quercetin on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Toxicity in Bovine Foetal Hepatocyte-Derived Cells (BFH12)

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