Polyphenols of the fruits of some varieties of pomegranate growing in Uzbekistan

Abstract

Continuing a search for promising tannide-bearing plants [1][2][3] with the aim of using them to produce drugs and highquahty tanning agents, we have investigated the polyphenols of the fruits of several varieties of Punica granatum (Kazaki, Shirindona, Aehchikdona, Kai, Kizil) growing on the territory of Uzbekistan, By a method developed earlier [1], from the peel of pomegranates of the Kazaki variety we isolated ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the total polyphenols (2.9% and 6.8%, respectively, of the weight of the raw material). Their tannlde contents, determined by the VEM method [4], were 74 and 89 %, respectively.By means of two-dimensional PC in the solvent systems butan-1 -oi -acetic acid-water (40:12:28) and 2 % acetic acid it was established that the ethyl acetate extract contained 11 polyphenols, and the butanol extract seven. The ethyl acetate fraction was first separated on a column of rawhide powder into fractions soluble in water, in acetone, and in aqueous acetone. It was established by qualitative reactions (mixture of 1% aqueous solutions of FeCI 3 and K3Fe(CN) 6, 5% aqueous solution of Na2CO3) that the water-soluble fraction contained mainly flavonols, and the other fractions phenolic acids and hydrolyzable tanning.agents and compounds related to them. The water-soluble fraction was rechromatographed on polyamide using as eluents mixtures of chloroform and methanol in various ratios, The fractions soluble in acetone and in aqueous acetone were ehromatographed on column of silica gel using as eluents diethyl ether and ethyl acetate in various ratios.As a result, we isolated several compounds, which were identified from their physicochemical properties as pelargonldin 3-O-glucoside, quereetin, quereimeritrin, gallic and ellagie acids, punicalin,-and ptmicalagin [5] and corylagin [6]. The main compound of the polyplienol complex was a substance with the composition C41H28027.xH20 in the form of yellow crystals, which were identified as granatin B.The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the products of complete acid hydrolysis (ellagic and gallic acids, glucose) were identical with those of geranin [7][8][9][10][11]. However, in the PMR and 13C NMR spectra of the compound under investigation there were slight differences in the chemical shifts of the signals from the latter. The results of a study of the spectral characteristics of the methyl and acetyl derivatives of the compound isolated, and also of its derivative with ophenylenediamine, permitted the conclusion that it was identical with granatin B, isolated previously from Japanese varieties of Punica granatum [12].A comparison with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC, Milikhrom-lA, Separon C18 column) of the qualitative composition and the polyphenols content of the peel of a Kazami pomegranate with the polyphenols of the pomegranate varieties mentioned above showed the identity of their qualitative compositions and only slight differences in the quantitative levels of individual components.It was also establi...

Climate Effects on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Composition in the Pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) Fruit Arils

“…The anthocyanin profile in arils of mid-July fruit contained peaks corresponding to Dp3,5, Cy3,5 and Cy3. Arils from mid-December fruit contained in addition to the latter also Dp3 and Pg3, resembling the anthocyanin profile reported for pomegranates grown in the Mediterranean, Iran and Uzbekistan. ,,, …”

“…Arils from mid-December fruit contained in addition to the latter also Dp3 and Pg3, resembling the anthocyanin profile reported for pomegranates grown in the Mediterranean, Iran and Uzbekistan. 12,13,19,20 The concentrations of the individual anthocyanins were evaluated from the corresponding chromatograms' peak areas and the relevant calibration curve, as previously described. Total anthocyanin level was calculated by their summation.…”

“…Six anthocyanin pigments were identified in the pomegranate fruit, 3-mono-and 3,5-diglucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin and pelargonidin. 12,17,18 All six anthocyanin pigments were detected in fruit from Spanish, Californian, Tunisian, Italian, Iranian and Uzbekistanian accessions 12,13,19,20 in different amounts and proportions, depending on variety as well as geographical and cultural variables. Different contents and relative proportions of the three groups of anthocyanins determine the intensity and hue of the fruit color, and, indeed, pomegranates from different accessions range widely in their external and internal color, from white-yellow through orange-pink to intense red.…”

Pomegranate Seeds and Peel Ethanolic Extracts Anticancer Potentials and Related Genetic, Histological, Immunohistochemical, Apoptotic and Oxidative Stress Profiles: In vitro Study

“… 17 Extracts of pomegranate peel have been shown to suppress cell growth in various cancer cell lines. 42 , 44 , 45 Anti-carcinogenic features of various mixtures of the phytochemicals in pomegranate were evaluated before. 46 Tang et al 47 discovered that punicalagin inhibits the β-catenin signaling pathway, hence possessing chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties against human cervical cancer.…”

Comparative study of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of two varieties ofPunica granatum

“…Pomegranate polyphenols include flavonoids (flavonols, flavanols and anthocyanins) (Santagati et al, 1984;Hernandez et al, 1999;van Elswijk, 2004), tannins (proanthocyanidins) and hydrolysable tannins (ellagitannins and gallotannins) (Tanaka et al, 1986;Satomi et al, 1993;Hussein et al, 1997;Mavlyanov et al, 1997). The flowers also contain triterpenoids (Batta & Rangaswami, 1973;Huang et al, 2005), and alkaloids were identified from the bark of tree and root (Neuhofer et al, 1993).…”