Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr from different origins: Chemical characterization, screening of the bioactive properties and specific antimicrobial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

Wild mushrooms are mainly collected during the rainy season and valued as a nutritious food and sources of natural medicines and nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and bioactive properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity) of Polyporus squamosus from two different origins, Portugal and Serbia. The sample from Portugal showed higher contents of as protein (17.14 g/100 g), fat (2.69 g/100 g), ash (3.15 g/100 g) and carbohydrates (77.02 g/100 g); the same sample gave the highest antioxidant activity: highest reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition in both β-carotene/linoleate and TBARS assay. These results could be related to its higher content in total tocopherols (1968.65 µg/100 g) and phenolic compounds (1.29 mg/100 g). Both extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against all the tested organisms. The samples from Serbia gave higher overall antibacterial activity and showed excellent antibiofilm activity (88.30 %). Overall, P. squamosus methanolic extracts possessed antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiquorum sensing activity, and without toxicity for liver cells. This investigation highlights alternatives to be explored for the treatment of bacterial infections, in particular against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study provides important results for the chemical and bioactive properties, especially antimicrobial activity of the mushroom P. squamosus. Moreover, to the authors' knowledge this is the first report on sugars, organic acids, and individual phenolic compounds in P. squamosus.

Antimicrobial activity of Basidiomycetes fungi isolated from a Kenyan tropical forest

“…This is in line with an earlier report indicating that crude extracts isolated from a fungus belonging to genus Polyporus, have been used in treatment of various ailments such as urinary tract infections, edema and diarrhea (Zhao, 2013). Furthermore, methanolic extracts of P. squamous demonstrated excellent antagonism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa without toxicity to hepatocytes (Fernandes et al, 2016). The antimicrobial activities of the fungal genus have been majorly attributed to steroids, anthraquinones, polysaccharides and nucleosides (Zhao, 2013).…”

Profile of phenolic and organic acids, antioxidant properties and ergosterol content in cultivated and wild growing species of Agaricus

“…Organic acids have also been detected in other mushroom species, among which are cultivated and wild growing species with oxalic, citric, malic or fumaric as the main compounds [8,12,[24][25][26][27]. Oxalic, malic, citric and fumaric acids have been identified in A. bisporus portobello and A. silvaticus, while A. bisporus is additionally known to contain quinic and citric acids [26].…”

“…Oxalic acid displays antibacterial activity [27], while anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antimicrobial properties have been confirmed for fumaric acid [7,28]. Malic acid is responsible for flavor, while owing to its antioxidant and antibacterial properties citric acid can extend the shelf life of mushrooms and prevent their browning [11,12,25,26]. It is widely used as an acidulant in pharmaceutical and food industries due to its low toxicity [29].…”

Antimicrobial Potential, Identification and Phylogenetic Affiliation of Wild Mushrooms from Two Sub-Tropical Semi-Evergreen Indian Forest Ecosystems

“…This could be due to their capability to extract bioactive substances [83]. Apart from these two factors, geographical locations may also affect the bioactive properties of wild mushrooms which could be due to their differences in relation with growth conditions, genetic factors, geographical variations and analytical procedures [84,85,86]. …”