Polypropylene as a carbon source for the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes via catalytic combustion

Jiang, Zhiwei; Song, Rak‐Hyun; Bi, Wuguo; Lu, Jun; Tang, Tao

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.012

Cited by 140 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Spectrums produced (Figure 9) show peaks at 1589 and 1348 cm −1 corresponding to the G peak, associated with graphitic carbon structures within the sample, and the D peak associated with defects within the graphic lattice or amorphous carbons, respectively [64]. A G' peak is also observed at 2709 cm -1 associated with the two photon elastic scattering process, and can be used as an indicator of the purity of carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Acomb

Williams

2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

229

120

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Nickel, iron, cobalt and copper catalysts were prepared by impregnation and used to produce carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas from a LDPE feedstock. A two stage catalytic pyrolysis process was used to enable large yields of both products. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage and allowed to deposit carbon onto the catalyst at a temperature of 800°C. Carbon nanotubes were successfully generated on nickel, iron and cobalt but were barely observed on the copper catalyst. Iron and nickel catalysts gave the largest yield of both hydrogen and carbon nanotubes as a result of metal-support interactions which were neither too strong, like cobalts, nor too weak like copper. These metal support interactions proved a key factor in CNT production. A nickel catalyst with a weaker interaction was prepared using a lower calcination temperature. Yields of both carbon nanotubes and hydrogen gas were lower on the Ni-catalyst prepared at the lower calcination temperature, as a result of sintering of the nickel particles. In addition, the catalyst prepared at a lower calcination temperature produced metal particles which were too large for CNT growth, producing amorphous carbons which deactivate the catalyst instead. Overall the iron catalyst gave the largest yield of CNTs, which is attributed to both its good metal-support interactions and irons large carbon solubility.

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Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Acomb

Williams

2016

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

229

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Peaks are seen at 1589 cm -1 and 1348 cm -1 . The peak at 1589 cm -1 corresponds to the G peak associated with graphitic carbon structures within the sample, including carbon nanotubes, whilst the peak at 1348 cm -1 corresponds with the D peak and is associated with defects within the graphic lattice or amorphous carbons [42]. For LDPE at 0 steam injection, Figure 6 (a) shows that large G and D peaks are observed and that the G peak is significantly larger than the D peak.…”

Section: Low Density Polyethylenementioning

confidence: 98%

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Acomb

2014

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

165

102

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proven to be possible as high-value by-products of hydrogen production from gasification of waste plastics. In this work, steam content in the gasification process was investigated to increase the quality of CNTs in terms of purity.Three different plastics -low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were studied in a two stage pyrolysis-gasification reactor. Plastics samples were pyrolysed in nitrogen at 600°C, before the evolved gases were passed to a second stage where steam was injected and the gases were reformed at 800°C in the presence of a nickelalumina catalyst. To investigate the effect that steam plays on CNT production, steam injection rates of 0, 0.25, 1.90 and 4.74 g h -1 were employed. The CNTs produced from all three plastics were multiwalled CNTs with diameters between 10 and 20 nm and several microns in length. For all the plastic samples, raising the steam injection rate led to increased hydrogen production as steam reforming and gasification of deposited carbon increased. High quality CNTs, as observed from TEM, TPO and Raman spectroscopy, were produced by controlling the steam injection rate. The largest yield for LDPE was obtained at 0 g h -1 steam injection rate, whilst PP and PS gave their largest yields at 0.25 g h -1 . Overall the largest CNT yield was obtained for PS at 0.25 g h -1 , with a conversion rate of plastic to CNTs of 32% wt.

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“…For example, Tang et al synthesized CNTs in large quantities by burning a PP/Ni/MMT composite in the atmosphere. [26][27][28] Chen et al synthesized CNTs, chestnut-like CNTs spheres and carbon nanospheres from catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) using different catalyst precursors ( Figure 1). [29,30] In their methods, it is necessary that catalyst precursors were mixed with PP and clay, then such nanocomposites were burned to obtain CNTs.…”

Section: Waste Plastics As Low Cost Feedstocks For Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33] Therefore, using waste plastics as inexpensive feedstocks can contribute to the cost reduction of CNTs production, which may accelerate CNTs large-scale use in consumer/industrial products. [27] (b) Chestnut-like carbon nanotube spheres by heating the PP/OMMT/NF composites; [29] (c) Straight and helical CNTs through catalytic decomposition of PE; [31] (d) MCNTs by catalytic decomposition of PP and MA-PP. [33] Preparation of carbon spheres…”

Section: Waste Plastics As Low Cost Feedstocks For Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Converting Waste Plastics into High Yield and Quality Carbon-Based Materials

Kong¹,

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

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Recycling waste plastics including polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, etc, is a very important scientific, social and economic topic. Despite significant advances in recent years, approximately 400 million tons of waste plastics are still disposed by landfill. This is obviously not an effective solution due to plastic's non-biodegradable character. Aside from mechanical recycling, which turns waste plastics into new products, and thermal recycling, which releases the thermal energy through combustion of waste plastics, chemical recycling converts waste plastics into feedstock for chemicals/materials/fuels production. This article reviews previous work on the pyrolysis and catalytic decomposition route that converted plastics into carbon-based materials, which exhibited extraordinary physical and chemical properties. However, their production processes are both resource and energy-intensive. Therefore, recycling technologies for waste plastics are still at an early stage and more innovation in waste plastic recycling is needed.

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Polypropylene as a carbon source for the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes via catalytic combustion

Cited by 140 publications

References 38 publications

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

The use of different metal catalysts for the simultaneous production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen from pyrolysis of plastic feedstocks

Control of steam input to the pyrolysis-gasification of waste plastics for improved production of hydrogen or carbon nanotubes

Converting Waste Plastics into High Yield and Quality Carbon-Based Materials

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