Polypropylene composites. II: Structure‐property relationships in two‐ and three‐component polypropylene composites

Chiang, Wen‐Yen; Yang, Wen-Der; Pukánszky, Béla

doi:10.1002/pen.760321002

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Wilkinson et al 28 also found the same phenomenon in the PP/PA6/SEBS-g-MA ternary blends and attributed the shoulder peak to the secondary crystallization of PA6 component. [29][30][31] The extruded PA6 used in the study also exhibits this bimodal melting behavior under the same measurement condition. The conditions that reduce the mobility of chain segments after primary crystallization has occurred, such as rapid cooling 28 and crystallization at high degrees of undercooling, 2,28 can suppress the development of the low temperature shoulder and produce a melting endotherm with a single peak.…”

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confidence: 83%

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:In this paper, with the maleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) as a compatibilizer of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide-6 (PA6) blends, the effects of interfacial compatibilization on the crystallization behaviors of the blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared with the binary blend, the addition of TPEg significantly affected the crystallization behaviors of the individual component in the blends, especially those of PA6. The presence of TPEg weakened the nucleating role of the PA6 on the PP matrix. The increasing concentration of the compatibilizer caused a decrease in crystallization temperature (T c ) and crystallization enthalpy (ÁH c ) associated with PA6. When TPEg amount was added up to 24 wt %, the crystallization of PA6 at its bulk T c was almost completely suppressed and the complete concurrent crystallization of PA6 and PP matrix took place. In the case of PP/PA6/TPEg blend containing 24 wt % TPEg, it was found that the disappearance of bulk PA6 crystallization peak was independent of the cooling rate and annealing time, but can be introduced by self-nucleation experiments. The above fractionated crystallization phenomenon was attributed to the reduction in PA6 particle size due to compatibilization role of added TPEg, which leads to the lack of the active heterogeneities. The crystalline morphologies under isothermal conditions were also observed by polarized optical microscopy (POM). [DOI 10.1295/polymj.38.21] KEY WORDS Polypropylene (PP) / Polyamide-6 / Crystallization / Compatibilization / Morphology / Compatibilization strongly affects the blend phase morphology and as such, it may also influence the crystallization behaviors of the blend. Both morphology and crystallization behaviors are closely related with the final properties of the blend, a profound understanding of the crystallization behavior and the resulting semicrystalline structure in polymer blends is necessary for effective manipulation and control of their properties from both scientific and industrial point of view. However, the general influence of a compatibilizer on the crystallization behavior of an immiscible polymer blend system is still far from being well understood, especially for crystalline polymer/crystalline polymer.

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confidence: 83%

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

Polym J

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“…Usually intermediate structures form in composites produced under practical conditions, a part of the filler is embedded into the elastomer phase, but individual elastomer droplets and filler particles can be also located in the matrix. Structure can be tailored by the control of interfacial adhesion through the use of appropriate coupling agents [23][24][25][26]. Functionalized polymers are used to control structure in polypropylene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wood fiber reinforced multicomponent, multiphase PP composites: Structure, properties, failure mechanism

Sudár¹,

Burgstaller²,

Renner³

et al. 2014

Composites Science and Technology

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Polypropylene (PP) was reinforced with wood flour and impact modified with elastomers to increase stiffness and impact resistance simultaneously. Elastomer was added in 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt%, while wood content changed from 0 to 60 wt% in 10 wt% steps. Structure and adhesion were controlled by the addition of functionalized (maleated) polymers. Composites were homogenized in a twin-screw extruder and then injection molded to tensile bars. The results showed that composite structure is determined by the relative strength of adhesion and shear forces prevailing during processing. Structure can be controlled by the application of functional polymers within limits. Although embedding is favored by thermodynamics and further promoted by coupling, de-encapsulation occurs at the large shear stresses of injection molding even in the presence of a functionalized elastomer. Composite properties depend on composition, increasing elastomer content results in decreasing stiffness and strength. Model calculations showed that the elastomer does not contribute to load bearing, average stress in the matrix increases with increasing elastomer content. Local stresses and adhesion define the initiation of deformation processes around wood particles, which start at the same stress irrespectively of elastomer content. Local processes determine the mechanism of failure and composite strength independently of their mechanism.

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“…Usually intermediate structures form in composites produced under practical conditions, a part of the filler is embedded into the elastomer phase, but individual elastomer droplets and filler particles can be also located in the matrix. Structure can be tailored by the control of interfacial adhesion through the use of appropriate coupling agents [18][19][20][21]. Functionalized polymers are used to control structure in polypropylene.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

Keledi

Sudár

Burgstaller³

et al. 2012

Express Polym. Lett.

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Polypropylene (PP) was reinforced with wood flour and impact modified with elastomers to increase stiffness and impact resistance simultaneously. Elastomer content changed in four (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt%), while that of wood content in seven steps, the latter from 0 to 60 wt% in 10 wt% steps. Structure and adhesion were controlled by the addition of functionalized (maleated) polymers. Composites were homogenized in a twin-screw extruder and then injection molded to tensile bars. Fracture resistance was characterized by standard and instrumented impact tests. The results showed that the components are dispersed independently of each other even when a functionalized elastomer is used for impact modification, at least under the conditions of this study. Impact resistance does not change much as a function of wood content in PP/wood composites, but decreases drastically from the very high level of the PP/elastomer blend to almost the same value obtained without impact modifier in the three-component materials. Increasing stiffness and fiber related local deformation processes led to small fracture toughness at large wood content. Micromechanical deformation processes depend mainly on the strength of PP/wood interaction; debonding and pull-out take place at poor adhesion, while fiber fracture dominates when adhesion is strong. Composites with sufficiently large impact resistance cannot be prepared in the usual range of wood contents (50–60 wt%)

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Polypropylene composites. II: Structure‐property relationships in two‐ and three‐component polypropylene composites

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Wood fiber reinforced multicomponent, multiphase PP composites: Structure, properties, failure mechanism

Tensile and impact properties of three-component PP/wood/elastomer composites

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