Polypyrrole and associated hybrid nanocomposites as chemiresistive gas sensors: A comprehensive review

Advanced development of metal oxide nanomaterials for H2gas sensing applications

“…With the development of social economy and the demands of people, flexible H 2 gas sensors based on the conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have drawn attention because of their distinctive conductivity, strong mechanical strength, and high operability. 30,308 The polymers have been considered as a promising candidate for flexible devices and wearable electronics 309 . Particularly, when combined with MOx, the rigidity of MOx can be improved, meanwhile the polymer/MOx organic-inorganic hybrid composites will be formed, which exhibit excellent gas sensing performance, including flexibility and room temperature detection.…”

Advanced Functional Membranes for Sensor Technologies

“…Furthermore, these membranes must be non-toxic and biocompatible to minimize the risk of epithelialization or allergic reactions. In this context, the use of enzymes [54][55][56][57], hydrogels [6,41,[58][59][60], and conductive polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) [61][62][63][64], polypyrrole (PPy) [65][66][67], polythiophene (PT) [68][69][70], or polyethylene dioxide thiophene (PEDOT) [43,[71][72][73][74] has been reported for the development of bioelectrodes due to their biocompatibility, conductivity, and the presence of tunable functionalities. However, its application in the development of biosensors is limited by different reasons and challenges to overcome, such as its relative fragility; its decrease in properties against variations in the pH of the medium, possible degradation in toxic or reactive compounds; and in some cases the use of synthesis processes and complex manufacturing procedures that are difficult to implement outside the laboratory scale [70][71][72][73][74][75][76].…”

Preparation and Characterisation of Polypyrrole‐Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanocomposite as Sensing Material

“…In previous works, Kwon et al [23] have shown that the introduction of carboxylic groups on the surface of PPy nanotube transistors has resulted in increased sensitivity towards DMMP via intermolecular hydrogen bonding while a combination of PPy with copper phthalocyanine was reported to be able to detect DMMP gas simulants through its high electron-donating nature [24]. Furthermore, Das and Roy [25] claimed that PPy NPs and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) increased the exposure of hydrogen gas due to the enhanced surface area of the composite and the increased diffusion pathway of the hydrogen molecule. Malook et al [26] also have synthesised polypyrrole-bimetallic oxide composites (PPy-V2O5-MnO2) and found that the resistance of the sensor was increased when exposed to ammonia gas due to doping of PPy during the synthesis of lead composites that contained positive charge carrier.…”