Polysaccharide‐based porous biopolymers for enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: Challenges, advances, and opportunities

Abstract

Bioactive food compounds, such as lycopene, curcumin, phytosterols, and resveratrol, have received great attention due to their potential health benefits.However, these bioactive compounds (BCs) have poor chemical stability during processing and low bioavailability after consumption. Several delivery systems have been proposed for enhancing their stability and bioavailability. Among these methods, porous biopolymers have emerged as alternative encapsulation materials, as they have superior properties like high surface area, porosity, and tunable surface chemistry to entrap BCs. This reduces the crystallinity (especially for the lipophilic ones) and particle size, and in turn, increases solubilization and bioavailability. Also, loading BCs into the porous matrix can protect them against environmental stresses such as light, heat, oxygen, and pH. This review introduces polysaccharide-based porous biopolymers for improving the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of bioactive food compounds and discusses their recent applications in the food industry. First, bioaccessibility and bioavailability are described with a special emphasis on the factors affecting them. Then, porous biopolymer fabrication methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide

Preparation and characterisation of wheat starch-based aerogels for procyanidin encapsulation to enhance stability

“…Before encapsulating the PC, the WSA exhibited a laminar structure with a large pore network of about 10 mm, which was possibly related to the growth of ice crystals and the shrinkage of micropores. 37,54 After encapsulating the PC, its lamellar structure disappeared, and PC-WSA showed a mesh structure of different sizes and some pores were filled. Meanwhile, according to Fig.…”

“…36 However, these methods suffer from issues such as molecular leakage, thermal degradation, easy dissociation, and stringent preparation conditions. 37 Aerogels, a novel porous material, possess high surface area, low density, and high porosity. 37,38 Starch, due to its safety, storage stability, and low cost, has been considered as a potential raw material for the preparation of bio-based aerogels.…”

“…37 Aerogels, a novel porous material, possess high surface area, low density, and high porosity. 37,38 Starch, due to its safety, storage stability, and low cost, has been considered as a potential raw material for the preparation of bio-based aerogels. 39 When a cross-linking agent is added in the preparation of starch aerogels, they exhibit higher stability, better solubility, faster digestion rate, and a more uniform network structure.…”

Effect of a novel drying method based on supercritical carbon dioxide on the physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins

“…31 Aerogels from various polymers have recently received a lot of attention for their outstanding properties. 31 Owing to their remarkable properties, they have been used for numerous pharmaceutical, food, and non-food applications, such as thermal insulators, filters, fillers, etc. 31–33 The unique properties of aerogels, such as lowest density with very high porosity, have increased the attention to their use in the drug delivery systems.…”

“…31 Owing to their remarkable properties, they have been used for numerous pharmaceutical, food, and non-food applications, such as thermal insulators, filters, fillers, etc. 31–33 The unique properties of aerogels, such as lowest density with very high porosity, have increased the attention to their use in the drug delivery systems. 34 SC-CO 2 drying eliminates surface tension and capillary forces, hence preserving the structure of gels.…”