Polysaccharide distribution in the cellular junctions of immature fibre cells of flax seedlings

Jauneau, Alain; Cabin-Flaman, Armelle; Morvan, Claudine; Pariot, C.; Ripoll, Camille; Thellier, Michel

doi:10.1007/bf00166103

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Interestingly, bundle tensile tests can also provide pertinent informations on middle lamellas, located between the bundle elementary fibres and mainly made of pectic polysaccharides or calcium pectates [363]. Charlet and Beakou [364] have shown that by increasing the specimen gauge length, the tensile strength decreases, highlighting thus the involvement of the middle lamellae in the bundle strength.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterisation Of Plant Fibre Bundlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the design of high-performance plant fibre composites

Bourmaud

Beaugrand

Shah

et al. 2018

Progress in Materials Science

353

246

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For the past 15 years, there has been tremendous and ever-increasing industrial and academic interest and technological material development concerning plant fibre reinforced composites.Plant fibres can be sourced from a multitude of natural agro-sources, with the preferred choice as a composite reinforcement material often being driven by abundance, geographical location, and historical use. While from a product designer's or engineer's point of view, all plant cell walls are 'similar', there is indeed substantial diversity in plant fibre cell walls. Indeed, a growing body of research demonstrates how cell wall mechanical behaviour is strongly linked to its *Manuscript structure, biochemical composition and the plant growing conditions. At the same time, significant progress has been realised on the knowledge of plant fibre cell wall reinforcement mechanisms in biocomposites. Here, we provide a holistic overview of the main types of plant cell walls used as reinforcements for polymer composites. By synthesising a large body of bibliographic data, we present and discuss the useful diversity in cell walls, illustrated by original schematics for clear comparison. The link between their structures and main properties, in constant link with potential associated composite, is specifically discussed. Then, the different fibre extraction and cultivation modes are discussed and compared, especially through an environmental assessment. We also show how a scientist's point of view on cell wall structure and associated experimental approach and use of characterisation techniques lead to distinct results; following a critical review, we make recommendations on appropriate characterisation techniques for a specific fibre. A final discussion concludes this work by highlighting the pertinent parameters that accurately define a composite reinforcement cell wall. The review will serve as a useful handbook reference for researchers in the field of bio-based materials, and will provide important insights to designers and engineers for appropriate selection of plant fibre cell walls for specific composite applications.

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Section: Mechanical Characterisation Of Plant Fibre Bundlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the design of high-performance plant fibre composites

Bourmaud

Beaugrand

Shah

et al. 2018

Progress in Materials Science

353

246

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“…RG I polymers decorated with short side chains of galactosyl residues, which are partially acetylesterified, were found in flax fibers (Davis et al 1990). In addition, indication of the presence of acetylesterified pectins in fiber walls was also obtained using ferric hydroxylamine staining on ultrathin sections (Jauneau et al 1994). Therefore, we believe that acetylesterification of RG I pectin may contribute at least partially to the lack of labeling with the CCRCM2 antibody in 50-day-old plants.…”

Section: Location Of Wall Polymersmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In the past we have been able to achieve good preservation of mature fibers embedded in Spurr's resin (Jauneau et al 1994(Jauneau et al ,1995Bert et al 1996), but immunogold labeling remained problematic. Recently, it was also possible to achieve good preservation of young flax fibers embedded in LRW, which allowed an ICC characterization of their wall components (His 1999;Andème-Onzighi et al 2000).…”

Section: Preservation Of Fiber Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Studies on Mature Flax Fibers Embedded in LR White

His

Andème‐Onzighi

Morvan

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YFlax fibers have been the subject of many biochemical studies, which revealed that cellulose and pectins are the major constituents of their walls. In contrast, little is known about the location of these polymers within the walls of mature fibers by microscopic methods. This has been technically hampered by the very thick secondary wall of fibers, resulting in inadequate tissue preservation unsuitable for immunogold microscopy. In this study, we adapted the basic chemical fixation, dehydration and infiltration methods to achieve a good preservation of the cell structures of mature fibers and reduced damage to antigens. We were able to apply postembedding immunocytochemical techniques to map the location of various pectic epitopes within the walls of mature fibers. Our immunolabeling data show that homogalacturonans were exclusively found in the middle lamellae and the cell junctions but were not detectable in the secondary wall. In contrast, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I)-associated epitopes, as well as galactan and arabinan epitopes, were abundantly distributed over the secondary wall of mature fibers.

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“…It is possible to enhance contrast of certain components within cells by incorporating additional compounds into the fixative. For example, the pectin in the walls of immature fiber cells of hypocotyl of flax seedlings can be stained using ruthenium red after formaldehyde fixation [62], or the inclusion of Alcian blue [63] to a glutaraldehyde fixative can improve mucopolysaccharide staining in the cells. The addition of malachite green can aid in the preservation of lipid containing granules [64].…”

Section: Fixatives and Fixation Considerations For Temmentioning

confidence: 99%