Polysaccharide-Enriched Electrospun Nanofibers for Salicylic Acid Controlled Release

Abstract

This work describes a salicylic acid delivery study from electrospun scaffolds that consisted of hydrophilic-like chitosan (CS) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and hydrophobic-like poly-d,l-lactide (PDLLA) polymers whose final application is wound dressing. The first novel element is represented by the production of hybrid scaffolds made of CNCs, CS, and PDLLA, while the second is their combination with salicylic acid as a drug delivery model. The embedding of poly-d,l-lactide and cellulose nanocrystals in the scaffolds was demonstrated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the presence of chitosan by a ninhydrin spectrophotometric assay. The morphology of the scaffolds was examined by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cumulative drug release studies were carried out, and hydrolytic degradation was conducted to elucidate the composition–release relationship of the membranes further. The results revealed a contribution of the embedded polysaccharides to the Fickian diffusion mechanism of release and two different degradation trends. Finally, a MTS assay on fibroblast cell cultures supplemented with extraction media indicated the noncytotoxicity of each scaffold.

Salicylic Acid Release from Syndiotactic Polystyrene Staple Fibers

“…An initial burst release is commonly observed for polymer fibers or nanofibers containing drugs, it depends on many factors, for instance, the drug concentration on the fiber surface as well as polymer hydrophobicity and morphology [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. In a recent work, Laezza et al [ 24 ] reported a burst release for electrospun fibers obtained by combining poly- d , l -lactide (PDLLA), cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan and SA. In particular, they found a nearly linear sustained release in their system and a maximum SA release of about 50% [ 24 ].…”

“…SA was reported to have antifungal and antibacterial effects, being able to induce morphological and physiological alterations in different compartments of fungal cells and bacteria [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria may colonize medical devices aggregating and growing in a peculiar form of microbial layer of cells attached to a substratum and nested in a matrix of extracellular polymeric materials, defined biofilms.…”

Highly Cytocompatible Polylactic Acid Based Electrospun Microfibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles Generated onto Chestnut Shell Lignin for Targeted Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Action

“…In the past decade, growing interest has been devoted to fiber scaffolds prepared by electrospinning, allowing the production of distributed fibers with an average diameter ranging from nano-to micrometers, 1,2 to be used for various applications ranging from electrode production and catalysis 3,4 to drug delivery, 5,6 tissue engineering, 7−12 and biosensing, with the latter taking benefit from their biodegradability, nontoxicity, nonmutagenicity, and nonimmunogenicity. 13−15 In this context, the peculiar architecture of e-spun fibers is a critical element, as they perfectly mimic the complexity and threedimensional size of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and act as a physical support for anchoring cells that would regenerate new tissues after injury and damage.…”

Cellulose Nanocrystals as Additives in Electrospun Biocompatible Separators for Aprotic Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Moreover, besides their use for designing sustainable energy storage devices, cellulose-based polymer composites are employed in nanofibrous matrices for applications which range from water filtration 48 to drug release. 49 …”

“…46,47 Moreover, besides their use for designing sustainable energy storage devices, cellulose-based polymer composites are employed in nanofibrous matrices for applications which range from water filtration 48 to drug release. 49 Here, we draw a comprehensive outline of a class of environmentally friendly battery separators by employing the amorphous PDLLA as a polymer host with a convenient blend of CNC fillers and investigate how their combination in different ratios can modulate the electrochemical and swelling properties, as well as the nanofibrous morphology.…”