Polysaccharides from marine macroalga, Padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of Cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens

Rajendran, Priyatharsini; Subramani, Parasuraman Aiya; Michael, R. Dinakaran

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.016

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Innate/Non-specific immune parameters Serum lysozyme activity The serum lysozyme activity was determined by the turbidimetric assay with the microplate adaptation of (Hutchinson and Manning, 1996). Serum total peroxidase activity The total peroxidase content of serum was determined colorimetrically as described in our earlier protocol (Rajendran et al, 2016). Serum antiprotease activity Serum antiprotease assay was performed colorimetrically according to the protocol described by Bowden et al (1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata upon experimental infection with live and heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila

Priyadarshini¹,

Subramani²,

Michael³

2017

Open Vet J.

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It is well-known that the innate immune mechanisms in fish serve as the first line of defence against wide variety of pathogens. In most of the situations, innate responses get induced and enhanced after the pathogen invasion. It would be interesting to look into the inducibility of various innate immune mechanisms and the level of enhancement after infection with the pathogen. Hence, in the present investigation, modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata on experimental challenge with either live virulent or heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila at a dose of 1x10 7 CFU (suspended in 0.2 mL PBS) were measured. Most of the non-specific (both humoral and cellular) immune responses tested were substantially induced or enhanced in both the experimental groups in comparison with the unchallenged control group. Significant increase in the lysozyme, total peroxidase, antiprotease and respiratory burst activities were observed after the pathogen challenge. Thus, most of the innate non-specific immune responses are inducible though they are constitutive of fish immune system exhibiting a basal level of activity even in the absence of pathogen challenge.

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confidence: 99%

Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, Channa striata upon experimental infection with live and heat killed Aeromonas hydrophila

Priyadarshini¹,

Subramani²,

Michael³

2017

Open Vet J.

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“…The present paper reports the immunostimulation by PF, separated adopting the technique of others (Harborne, ), from the Chlorophycean macroalga, C. scalpelliformis . Earlier reports from this laboratory showed appreciable activities (Balasubramanian & Michael, ; Rajendran, Subramani, & Michael, )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Lysozyme showed an up‐regulation in all the three doses with the middle dose showing the maximum expression level, comparable to that of Macrogard ™ . In a similar experiment which involves intraperitoneal administration of polysaccharide from a marine macroalga, Padina gymnospora , IL‐1β and lysozyme were upregulated (Rajendran et al., ). Yuan et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present paper reports the immunostimulation by PF, separated adopting the technique of others (Harborne, 1998), from the Chlorophycean macroalga, C. scalpelliformis. Earlier reports from this laboratory showed appreciable activities (Balasubramanian & Michael, 2016;Rajendran, Subramani, & Michael, 2016) Lysozyme is one of the crucial molecules of the non-specific humoral response which is involved in hydrolysation of β-[1,4] glycosidic bonds of the bacterial cell wall thereby exerting its effect on the lytic activity against bacteria, also acts as an opsonin and promotes phagocytosis (Buonocore et al, 2014;Magnadóttir, 2006;Saurabh & Sahoo, 2008). Lysozyme lytic activity happens readily in gram positive bacteria while complement activity is required in the case of gram negative bacteria (Alexander & Ingram, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-specific immunity and disease resistance are enhanced by the polysaccharide fraction of a marine chlorophycean macroalga inOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758)

et al. 2018

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Summary Polysaccharides (PF) from marine macroalgae, Caulerpa scalpelliformis were extracted and tested for its potential immunostimulatory and disease resistance properties in fish. Five groups of Nile tilapia (n = 6), Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) were intraperitoneally administered with the different doses of PF (2, 20 or 200 mg/kg body weight) or with yeast‐derived commercial immunostimulant, Macrogard™ (20 mg/kg body weight), to compare the effectiveness. An untreated control group was also maintained. A total of fifteen fibre reinforced plastic tanks (150 L, ambient temperature and light conditions) were used, with triplicate tanks for each group. Only four fish per tank (totally 12 fish from a group) were taken at random and assayed. PF enhanced all the tested non‐specific serum immune responses namely lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, antiprotease, and bactericidal activities. There was an upregulation of the genes encoding IL‐1β, lysozyme and TNF‐α in the spleen of PF injected fish as compared to the control group. In order to study the overall functional immunity, disease resistance test was conducted. Another five groups of fish (n = 10) were treated by intraperitoneal injection with different doses of PF or Macrogard™ or untreated as mentioned earlier in triplicates (30 fish per group in three tanks, totally 150 fish in 15 tanks). Seven days post treatment, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal administration of live virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. PF treated fish were protected with significant reduction in the mortality and the consequent increased relative percent survival (RPS) of 92 in the least (2 mg/kg) and middle dose (20 mg/kg) groups. The disease resistance experiment was repeated again but this time, fish were challenged 21 days post treatment that resulted in RPS of 50 for the middle dose. The results clearly show that the intraperitoneal administration of the polysaccharide fraction had a stimulating effect on the non‐specific immune responses, immune gene expression and disease resistance.

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“…Polysaccharides from Padina gymnospora and Astragalus sp. also improved the non-specific and specific immune response in the immunityrelated organs in the common carp, and enhanced the immune regulation and disease resistance of the host (14,15). In addition, polysaccharides from algae and other species are also widely used in aquaculture (16,17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Oral Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharide Administration on Immune Responses, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L

et al. 2020

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The effects of the oral administration of Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP-1) on the immunoregulatory properties, antioxidant activity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio L. were investigated. The purified RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL) was co-cultured with the head kidney cells of the common carp. The proliferation and phagocytosis activities of the head kidney cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the culture medium were determined. Next, 300 common carps (47.66 ± 0.43 g) were randomly divided into five groups; the two control groups (negative and positive) were administered sterile PBS and the three treatment groups were administered different concentrations of RGP-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL) for seven days. Subsequently, the positive and treatment groups were infected with A. hydrophila, and the negative group was administered sterile PBS for 24 h. The concentration of NO, cytokines, lysozyme (LZM), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), and the total activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hepatopancreas of the common carp were tested. We observed that RGP-1 could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytosis activities (P < 0.05), besides inducing the production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) (P < 0.05) in vitro. The in vivo experimental results revealed that RGP-1 significantly enhanced NO production, protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12), LZM and AKP activities, and the antioxidant content (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA) compared to that observed in the negative group prior to A. hydrophila infection (P < 0.05). NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines, LZM Feng et al. RGP-1 as Immunostimulant in Commom Carp and AKP activities were significantly lower than that in the positive group after infection (P < 0.05). However, whether infected or not, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) increased significantly in the RGP-1-treated groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, the results suggested that RGP-1 could enhance the non-specific immunity, antioxidant activity and anti-A. hydrophila activity of the common carp, and could be used as a safe and effective feed additive in aquaculture.

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Polysaccharides from marine macroalga, Padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of Cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens

Cited by 54 publications

References 49 publications

Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, <i>Channa striata</i> upon experimental infection with live and heat killed <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>

Modulation of the innate immune responses in the striped snakehead murrel, <i>Channa striata</i> upon experimental infection with live and heat killed <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>

Non-specific immunity and disease resistance are enhanced by the polysaccharide fraction of a marine chlorophycean macroalga inOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758)

The Effects of Oral Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharide Administration on Immune Responses, Antioxidant Activity and Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in the Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L

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