Polysaccharides from Phormidium versicolor (NCC466) protecting HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and rat liver tissues from cadmium toxicity: Evidence from in vitro and in vivo tests

Abstract

The in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and cytoprotective properties and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of crude polysaccharides extracted from cyanobacteria Phormidim versicolor NCC466 (CFv-PS) were investigated. The CFv-PS, identified as heteropolysaccharides with molecular weight of 63.79kDa, exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activity, in a concentration-depended manner, in vitro assays. Additionally, CFv-PS did not induce cytotoxic effect on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells within the range of tested concentrations (25-150μg·mL) while preventing them against Cd. Moreover, in rats subjected to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity, CFv-PS pretreatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced the level of ALAT, ASAT, biliburin, MDA, protein carbonyl and DNA damage, and markedly increased enzyme activities in liver tissues. These findings suggest that the cyanobacteria Phormidium versicolor is a potential source of natural products possessing antioxidant, cytoprotective and hepatoprotective properties.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Exopolysaccharides from Phormidium sp. ETS05, the Most Abundant Cyanobacterium of the Therapeutic Euganean Thermal Muds, Using the Zebrafish Model

“…ETS05 showed that the main sugar residues composing the polymer were xylose, rhamnose, and glucose, the sum of the three giving 64% of the total composition, while galactose, fucose, mannose, arabinose, glucosamine, and two uronic acids were present in minor amounts. A total of 10 detectable monosaccharides were identified here, which is comparable to species of the genus Phormidium such as the eight-to-twelve monosaccharides in P. tenue [54,55] or the ten in P. versicolor [22]. Cyanobacterial polysaccharides showing anti-inflammatory activity on various animal models, as the capsular polysaccharides from Mastigocladus laminosus [56,57] or sacran from Aphanothece sacrum [20,58], are composed of various proportions of eight main sugars, namely glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, fucose, and galacturonic and glucuronic acids.…”

MiR‐122‐5p and miR‐326‐3p promote cadmium‐induced NRK‐52E cell apoptosis by downregulating PLD1

“…3,4 Long-term exposure to cadmium causes tissue damages in various organs, especially in livers and kidneys. 5 Cadmium in liver cells usually induces production of metallothionein (MT), 6,7 which could bind cadmium and transfer it to kidneys. Most of the MT-cadmium complex is reabsorbed and deposited in the renal proximal convoluted tubules, and leads to irreversible damage to the structure and function of the kidney eventually.…”

“…Through food chain transfer, cadmium ultimately enters human bodies and has a long biological half‐life about 10 to 30 years 3,4 . Long‐term exposure to cadmium causes tissue damages in various organs, especially in livers and kidneys 5 . Cadmium in liver cells usually induces production of metallothionein (MT), 6,7 which could bind cadmium and transfer it to kidneys.…”

Polysaccharide-Rich Fractions from Ganoderma resinaceum (Ganodermataceae) as Chemopreventive Agents in N-Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Rats

“…G. resinaceum polysaccharide-rich fractions exhibited weak cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB 231, Hela, and HepG 2 with CC 50 range of 298–420 µ g/mL after 48 h of incubation. Polysaccharides are generally known for their in vitro anticancer activities either by regulating cell cycle, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration triggering apoptosis, immunopotentiation, or miR-125b inhibiting T regs accumulation and function [ 41 – 46 ]. These properties might be associated with the specific conformation of polysaccharides and their affinity for cancer cell surface [ 47 ].…”