Polysaccharides in Pharmacy: Current Applications and Future Concepts

Franz, Gerhard

doi:10.1055/s-2006-962078

Cited by 175 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…These polysaccharides constitute a structurally diverse class of biological macromolecules with a broad range of physicochemical properties which are widely used for applications in pharmacy and medicine (Franz, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and evaluation of possible alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of eight Aloe species

Sayed¹,

Ezzat²,

Khalil³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Many of the health benefits associated withPolysaccharides from the plants were isolated using hot extraction method and then hydrolyzed. The polysaccharide hydrolysates were identified using high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Maximum yield of total polysaccharides identified were obtained from A 7 (12.04%), A 1 (8.51%), A 8 (8.03%), A 2 (5.32%) and A 6 (2.18%) respectively. The isolated polysaccharides were tested for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity. Chromatographic investigation of the polysaccharides recorded the presence of 18 saccharides, glucuronic acid, stachyose, galacturonic acid, sucrose, glucose, xylose, galactose, rhamnose, mannose, arabinose, fructose polyol, mannitol and sorbitol in the eight Aloe species, but their quantitative composition differed among the species. Glucuronic acid, stachyose and galacturonic acid were the major detected saccharides. The results of the biological activities revealed significant antihyperglycemic activities with variable degrees. After four weeks of daily administration, polysaccharides isolated from A. vera (A 1 ) and A. arborescens (A 2 ) were the most active with 40 and 44% reduction in blood glucose level, respectively. All the tested polysaccharides showed significant alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 (µg/ml) 11.70, 14.60 and 15.80 for A 7 , A 6 and A 1 respectively. In conclusion, the tested polysaccharides contribute to the antidiabetic action of these Aloe species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and evaluation of possible alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of eight Aloe species

Sayed¹,

Ezzat²,

Khalil³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Plants Res.

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“…The epidermal cells of the seed coats of certain plants release large quantities of mucilage that form a gel-like capsule surrounding the seed upon imbibition (Frey-Wyssling, 1976;Esau, 1977). The functions of mucilage are still matters of speculation, but they are proposed to aid in dispersal by sticking to animals, to resist being swept away by wind or rain by adhering to soil, to facilitate seed hydration or resist desiccation during brief drought after imbibition, and/or to provide a nutrient reserve material during germination (Esau, 1977;Franz, 1989;Gutterman and Shemtov, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Rhamnogalacturonan I and Arabinoxylan Polysaccharides of Flax Seed Mucilage

2008

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The viscous seed mucilage of flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a mixture of rhamnogalacturonan I and arabinoxylan with novel side group substitutions. The rhamnogalacturonan I has numerous single nonreducing terminal residues of the rare sugar L-galactose attached at the O-3 position of the rhamnosyl residues instead of the typical O-4 position. The arabinoxylan is highly branched, primarily with double branches of nonreducing terminal L-arabinosyl units at the O-2 and O-3 positions along the xylan backbone. While a portion of each polysaccharide can be purified by anion-exchange chromatography, the side group structures of both polysaccharides are modified further in about one-third of the mucilage to form composites with enhanced viscosity. Our finding of the unusual side group structures for two well-known cell wall polysaccharides supports a hypothesis that plants make a selected few ubiquitous backbone polymers onto which a broad spectrum of side group substitutions are added to engender many possible functions. To this end, modification of one polymer may be accompanied by complementary modifications of others to impart functions to heterocomposites not present in either polymer alone.

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“…Its medical effects on cancer, hypertension, hepatitis, and hypercholesterolemia have been demonstrated by pharmacological studies in the past two decades. [1][2][3][4] This fungus has attracted considerable attention partly because the polysaccharides isolated from the fruit bodies and the mycelium have shown antitumor and hyperglycemic activity. 3,5,6) However, the active components in the spores of G. lucidum have rarely been studied owing to the difficulty in collection and sporoderm-breaking of the spores.…”

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confidence: 99%

Purification, Characterization, and Modification of T Lymphocyte-Stimulating Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>

et al. 2002

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Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known Chinese medicinal fungus, has been used to promote health and longevity in East Asian countries. Its medical effects on cancer, hypertension, hepatitis, and hypercholesterolemia have been demonstrated by pharmacological studies in the past two decades. [1][2][3][4] This fungus has attracted considerable attention partly because the polysaccharides isolated from the fruit bodies and the mycelium have shown antitumor and hyperglycemic activity. 3,5,6) However, the active components in the spores of G. lucidum have rarely been studied owing to the difficulty in collection and sporoderm-breaking of the spores. Recently, with the successful cultivation of G. lucidum indoors on a large scale and a breakthrough in sporodermbreaking technology, much attention has been paid to chemical components of G. lucidum spores 7,8) and their versatile biological activities.9,10) More recently, we have reported an immunomodulating polysaccharide from the spores of G. lucidum. 11) In the present study, we deal with the purification and characterization of the T lymphocyte-stimulating polysaccharide, based on the activity-guided principle, from the hot-water extract of the sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum. A series of sulfated or carboxymethylated derivatives of the polysaccharide were successively prepared and their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral methods. The solution conformation and T lymphocyte proliferation effect of the polysaccharide and its derivatives are compared and discussed. ExperimentalMaterials Spores of G. lucidum were collected in Shanxi Province, PR China. It was identified by Dr. Xiu-Lan Huang and stored as a voucher specimen (no. 99064) in the Herbarium of Phytochemistry Department of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, PR China. Before use, the sporoderm of the spores was ultrasonographically broken and the broken ratio was estimated about 60-80% by electronic microscopy. T-Dextran in a series of different molecular weights was obtained from Pharmacia. Concanavalin (Con A) was from Sigma and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was from Fluka. Medium RPMI-1640 was purchased from Gibco Laboratories. All other reagents were of the highest quality available and were used without further purification.Isolation and Purification of the T Lymphocyte-Stimulating Polysaccharide The sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (1.0 kg), previously defatted with 95% alcohol, were decocted for 6 h with 10 l of water to half the original volume, and the residue was again decocted with 8 l of water. The combined aqueous extract was deproteinated with trichloroacetic acid, and the resulting aqueous fraction was extensively dialyzed against running water for 3 d and then against distilled water for 1 d (molecular weight cutoff 3000-5000 Da). The retentate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a small volume (1.8 l), and 4 volumes of ethanol were added stepwise with stirring at 4°C. Then the mixture was stored overnight at Ϫ10°C. T...

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Polysaccharides in Pharmacy: Current Applications and Future Concepts

Cited by 175 publications

References 7 publications

Chemical composition and evaluation of possible alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of eight Aloe species

Chemical composition and evaluation of possible alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity of eight Aloe species

Novel Rhamnogalacturonan I and Arabinoxylan Polysaccharides of Flax Seed Mucilage

Purification, Characterization, and Modification of T Lymphocyte-Stimulating Polysaccharide from Spores of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i>

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