Polystyrene degradation during combustion

Brauman, Sharon K.; Chen, I. J.; Matzinger, David P.

doi:10.1002/pol.1983.170210623

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For all materials, most decomposition occurred in one single step, at temperatures between 630 and 755 K with the maximum weight change at between 707 and 722 K. This main decomposition process was attributed to the decomposition of HIPS. The results for the thermal decomposition of HIPS corresponded to those of comparable studies 19–21…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Flame Retardant Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus and Magnesium Hydroxide in High Impact Polystyrene

Braun

Schartel

2004

Macro Chemistry & Physics

194

121

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Summary: The flame retardant mechanisms of red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide and red phosphorus combined with magnesium hydroxide were studied in high impact polystyrene by means of comprehensive decomposition studies and combustion tests. The study is intended to illuminate prerequisites and the potential of red phosphorus as a fire retardant for hydrocarbon polymers in the condensed phase and in the gas phase. Thermal and thermo‐oxidative decomposition, decomposition kinetics and the product gases evolved were characterized using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, respectively. Fire behaviour was investigated with a cone calorimeter using different external heat fluxes, whereas the flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices. The combustion residues were analysed using XPS. Red phosphorus reduced the heat release in HIPS due to radical trapping in the gas phase. Magnesium hydroxide influenced fire behaviour by heat sink mechanisms, release of water and the formation of a magnesia layer acting as a barrier. The combination of both flame retardants in HIPS nearly resulted in a superposition. A slight synergy in barrier characteristics was due to the formation of magnesium phosphate, whereas a slight anti‐synergism occurred in flammability and in the gas phase action. The latter effect is controlled by a decreased fuel rate due to the barrier layer rather than by an initiation of red phosphorus oxidation in the condensed phase.Heat release rate and total heat release at various external heat fluxes for HIPS (dotted = 70 kW · m−2, dashed = 50 kW · m−2, solid = 30 kW · m−2).magnified imageHeat release rate and total heat release at various external heat fluxes for HIPS (dotted = 70 kW · m−2, dashed = 50 kW · m−2, solid = 30 kW · m−2).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Flame Retardant Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus and Magnesium Hydroxide in High Impact Polystyrene

Braun

Schartel

2004

Macro Chemistry & Physics

194

121

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“…This finding accords with the literature [31]. It is concluded that a polymer pyrolysis occurs during the fire [32,33]. Apart from this anaerobic thermal decomposition hardly any thermo-oxidative processes are proved by comparing the residue masses for thermal analysis and fire.…”

Section: Morphology Of Hips/mg(oh) 2 /P R and Residue Massessupporting

confidence: 91%

Solid-state NMR investigations of the pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative decomposition products of a polystyrene/red phosphorus/magnesium hydroxide system

Fichera

Braun

Schartel

et al. 2007

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…This main decomposition process was attributed to the decomposition of HIPS. The results for the thermal decomposition of HIPS corresponded to those of comparable studies [14,15] .…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of flame retardant high impact polystyrene with triphenyl phosphate and novolac epoxy resin

Cai

Chen

et al. 2007

J. Wuhan Univ. Technol.

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Thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition and decomposition kinetics of flame retardant high impact polystyrene (HIPS) with triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and novolac type epoxy resin (NE) were characterized using thermo-gravimetric experiment. And the flammability was determined by limited oxygen indices (LOI). The LOI results show that TPP and NE had a good synthetic effect on the flame retardancy of HIPS. Compared with pure HIPS, the LOI values of HIPS/NE and HIPS/TPP only increased by about 5%, and the LOI value of HIPS/TPP/NE reached 42.3%, nearly 23% above that of HIPS. All materials showed one main decomposition step, as radical HIPS scission predominated during anaerobic decomposition. TPP increased the activity energy effectively while NE affected the thermal-oxidative degradation more with the help of the char formation. With both TPP and NE, the materials could have a comparable good result of both thermal and thermal-oxidative degradation, which could contribute to their effect on the flame retardancy.

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Polystyrene degradation during combustion

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Flame Retardant Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus and Magnesium Hydroxide in High Impact Polystyrene

Flame Retardant Mechanisms of Red Phosphorus and Magnesium Hydroxide in High Impact Polystyrene

Solid-state NMR investigations of the pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative decomposition products of a polystyrene/red phosphorus/magnesium hydroxide system

Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of flame retardant high impact polystyrene with triphenyl phosphate and novolac epoxy resin

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