Polystyrene microplastics induce mitochondrial damage in mouse GC-2 cells

Liu, Tao; Hou, Baolian; Wang, Zhiping; Yang, Yanli

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113520

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…MNPs can damage the mitochondrial structure of GC-2 cells, a mouse spermatocyte line, decrease ATP content, diminish membrane potential, and destroy the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, leading to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis, which induces mitochondrial autophagy. This study explored the effects of MNPs on the mitochondria of germ cell lines, providing support for further research on the effects of MNPs on reproductive health [ 67 ].…”

Section: Toxicities Of Micro- and Nanoplastics On Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Mitochondria

Lee

Moon

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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Mitochondria are highly dynamic cellular organelles that perform crucial functions such as respiration, energy production, metabolism, and cell fate decisions. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction critically lead to the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Mitochondrial damage in response to environmental contaminant exposure and its association with the pathogenesis of diseases has also been reported. Recently, persistent pollutants, such as micro- and nanoplastics, have become growing global environmental threats with potential health risks. In this review, we discuss the impact of micro- and nanoplastics on mitochondria and review current knowledge in this field.

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Section: Toxicities Of Micro- and Nanoplastics On Mitochondriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Mitochondria

Lee

Moon

et al. 2022

Metabolites

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“…In all examined samples, near to endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, we found mitochondrial swelling (ballooning cristae or intracristal swelling) next to mitochondrial pyknosis, several myelin figures arising from endoplasmic reticulum, including whorled membranous bodies, which are likely derived from involuting mitochondria ( Figure 6 a–c), and autolysosomes containing mitochondrial remnants and other structures. Interestingly, Liu et al (2022) [ 44 , 62 ] and Ding et al (2021) [ 63 ] also observed changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and swelling of mitochondrial cristae in mouse spermatocyte line GC-2 and gastric epithelial line GES-1 treated with polystyrene MPs. Mitochondrial swelling and consequent dysfunction are notably involved in the pathogenesis of many human diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as ischemia (infarction)-reperfusion, hypoxia, inflammation, and diabetes, among others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deeply in Plasticenta: Presence of Microplastics in the Intracellular Compartment of Human Placentas

Ragusa

Matta

Cristiano

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Microplastics (MPs) are defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. They have been found almost everywhere they have been searched for and recent discoveries have also demonstrated their presence in human placenta, blood, meconium, and breastmilk, but their location and toxicity to humans have not been reported to date. The aim of this study was twofold: 1. To locate MPs within the intra/extracellular compartment in human placenta. 2. To understand whether their presence and location are associated with possible structural changes of cell organelles. Using variable pressure scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, MPs have been localized in ten human placentas. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time the presence and localization in the cellular compartment of fragments compatible with MPs in the human placenta and we hypothesized a possible correlation between their presence and important ultrastructural alterations of some intracytoplasmic organelles (mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum). These alterations have never been reported in normal healthy term pregnancies until today. They could be the result of a prolonged attempt to remove and destroy the plastic particles inside the placental tissue. The presence of virtually indestructible particles in term human placenta could contribute to the activation of pathological traits, such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, characteristic of metabolic disorders underlying obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome and partially accounting for the recent epidemic of non-communicable diseases.

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“…GI tract exposed MPs and NPs can trigger oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) after entering cells (Xie et al, 2020). As the molecular initiation point for the toxicity of MPs and NPs (Hu & Palić, 2020), the generation of ROS has been extensively reported in rodent vitro or in vivo reproductive toxicity studies (Deng et al, 2021; Ijaz et al, 2021; Li et al, 2022; Liu, Hou, Wang, et al, 2022; Liu, Hou, Zhang, et al, 2022; Wei et al, 2021, 2022; Xie et al, 2020). Earlier studies showed that ROS and the oxidative stress ROS generated played an important role in determining cell fate and modifying a range of signal molecules (Zhang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Fertility Toxicity Of Mps and Nps To Rodent And The Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies showed that ROS and the oxidative stress ROS generated played an important role in determining cell fate and modifying a range of signal molecules (Zhang et al, 2016). Oxidative stress occurs when an imbalance between ROS and endogenous antioxidant substances develops, which is revealed directly by the decline of antioxidant enzyme activity, such as CAT, GSH‐PS, SOD, and POD (Ijaz et al, 2021; Li, Wang, et al, 2021; Wei et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2020); the down‐regulation of antioxidant proteins expression levels, such as Nrf2 and HO‐1 (Hou, Wang, et al, 2021; Li et al, 2022; Wei et al, 2021); or the generation of lipid peroxides, such as MDA (Ijaz et al, 2021; Liu, Hou, Wang, et al, 2022; Liu, Hou, Zhang, et al, 2022; Wei et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2020). It is noteworthy that the activity or expression level of these molecules followed a dose‐dependent manner.…”

Section: Fertility Toxicity Of Mps and Nps To Rodent And The Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reproductive and transgenerational toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: A threat to mammalian fertility in both sexes

Yin

2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are extensively distributed in the environment. However, a comprehensive review and in‐depth discussion on the effects of MPs and NPs to reproductive capacity and transgenerational toxicity on mammals, especially on humans, is lacked. It is suggested that microplastics and nanoplastics could accumulate in mammalian reproductive organs and exert toxic effects on the reproductive system for both sexes. For males, the damage of microplastics consists of abnormal testicular and sperm structure, decreased sperm vitality, and endocrine disruption, which were caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis of testicular cells, autophagy, abnormal cytoskeleton, and abnormal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular axis. For females, the damage of microplastics includes abnormal ovary and uterus structure and endocrine disruption, which were caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, granulosa cell apoptosis, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovary axis abnormalities, and tissue fibrosis. For transgenerational toxicity, premature mortality existed in the rodent offspring after maternal exposure to microplastics. Among the surviving offspring, metabolic disorders, reproductive dysfunction, immune, neurodevelopmental, and cognitive disorders were detected, and these events directly correlated with transgenerational translocation of MPs and NPs. Studies on human‐derived cells or organoids demonstrated that transgenerational toxicity studies for both sexes are yet in the phase of exploring suitable experimental models, and more detailed research on the threat of MPs and NPs to human fertility is still urgently needed. Further studies will help assess the MPs and NPs threat to public fertility and reproductive health risks.

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Polystyrene microplastics induce mitochondrial damage in mouse GC-2 cells

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Mitochondria

Impact of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Mitochondria

Deeply in Plasticenta: Presence of Microplastics in the Intracellular Compartment of Human Placentas

The reproductive and transgenerational toxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics: A threat to mammalian fertility in both sexes

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