Polystyrene Plastic: A Source and Sink for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

Rochman, Chelsea M.; Manzano, Carlos; Hentschel, Brian T.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey; Hoh, Eunha

doi:10.1021/es403605f

Cited by 335 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Microplastics are commonly found in the environment in three forms; fragments which form from mechanical and biological fragmentation of larger plastic items (ter Halle et al, 2016), microbeads which are manufactured as abrasives in cosmetics and air-blasting (Fendall and Sewell, 2009;Mason et al, 2016), and microfibers from sources such as synthetic fabrics and ropes (Browne et al, 2011). Studies have shown multiple damaging effects of microplastics in the environment, including adsorption of toxic organic contaminants (Endo et al, 2005;Teuten et al, 2007;Rochman et al, 2013), ingestion by animals with implications for human consumption (Van Cauwenberghe and Janssen, 2014;Rochman et al, 2015) and changing the heat transfer and water movement of sediment (Carson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Distribution at Different Sediment Depths in an Urban Estuary

et al. 2017

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As plastic production increases, so to do the threats from plastic pollution. Microplastics (defined as plastics <5 mm) are a subset of marine debris about which we know less than we do of larger debris items, though they are potentially ubiquitous in the marine environment. To quantify the distribution and change in microplastic densities through time, we sampled sediment cores from an estuary in Tasmania, Australia. We hypothesized that the type, distribution and abundance of microplastics observed would be associated with increasing plastic production, coastal population growth, and proximity to urban water outflows and local hydrodynamics. Sediments ranging from the year 1744 to 2004 were sub-sampled from each core. We observed microplastics in every sample, with greater plastic frequencies found in the upper (more recent) sediments. This time trend of microplastic accumulation matched that of global plastic production and coastal population growth. We observed that fibers were the most abundant type of microplastic in our samples. These fibers were present in sediments that settled prior to the presence of plastics in the environment. We propose a simple statistical model to estimate the level of contamination in our samples. We suggest that the current trend in the literature suggesting very high loads of fibers, particularly in remote locations such as the deep seafloor, may be largely due to contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Distribution at Different Sediment Depths in an Urban Estuary

et al. 2017

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“…One of the challenges for the development of thermal processing of MSW is the production of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (Rochman et al, 2013;Hajizadeh et al, 2011). There is some concern over the emissions of PAH in the environment (Sun et al, 1998), since they are associated with human teratogenesis, cancer or mutations, with a bioaccumulative effect (Samanta et al, 2002;Moeckel et al, 2014;Ionescu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions

et al. 2015

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The formation of 2-4 ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the pyrolysis of nine different municipal solid waste fractions (xylan, cellulose, lignin, pectin, starch, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) were investigated in a fixed bed furnace at 800 °C. The mass distribution of pyrolysis was also reported. The results showed that PS generated the most total PAH, followed by PVC, PET, and lignin. More PAH were detected from the pyrolysis of plastics than the pyrolysis of biomass. In the biomass group, lignin generated more PAH than others. Naphthalene was the most abundant PAH, and the amount of 1-methynaphthalene and 2-methynaphthalene was also notable.Phenanthrene and fluorene were the most abundant 3-ring PAH, while benzo[a]anthracene and chrysene were notable in the tar of PS, PVC, and PET. 2-ring PAH dominated all tar samples, and varied from 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%. For PS, PET and lignin, PAH may be generated directly from the aromatic structure of the feedstock.

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“…2 However, there are several challenges for the copyrolysis of biomass and plastics towards large-scale development; for example, the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the product oil. 3 PAH are a group of semi-volatile hydrocarbons, which may cause teratogenesis, cancer or mutations if absorbed by the human body. 4 Due to the large number and complex nature of PAH compounds, 16 PAH (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of interactions of PVC and biomass components on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during fast co-pyrolysis

Zhou

Onwudili

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. RSC Advances RSCPublishing ARTICLEThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 J. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 The interactions of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and biomass components (hemi-cellulose, cellulose and lignin) during fast pyrolysis were investigated at 800 °C in a fixed bed reactor. The interactions of PVC and biomass components decreased the HCl yield and increased the tar yield significantly. During the co-pyrolysis of PVC with the biomass components, most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) components were decreased compared with the calculated proportion results. The mechanism of the interactions may be that in the fast pyrolysis process, the processes of dehydrochlorination and chain scission occur in a very short time. Biomass materials and/or bio-char can act as catalysts which inhibit the dehydrochlorination process or promote the chain scission of PVC. Therefore, the dehydrochlorination process might not be completed, resulting in the production of chlorinated oil compounds. Thus, the HCl yield is reduced and PAH concentrations are decreased during the co-pyrolysis of PVC and biomass.

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Polystyrene Plastic: A Source and Sink for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

Cited by 335 publications

References 45 publications

Microplastic Distribution at Different Sediment Depths in an Urban Estuary

Microplastic Distribution at Different Sediment Depths in an Urban Estuary

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) formation from the pyrolysis of different municipal solid waste fractions

Effect of interactions of PVC and biomass components on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during fast co-pyrolysis

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