Polysulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide between counterions and its applications

Abstract

Modified sulfobetaine bearing tertiary amide spacer between the counterions is synthesized and polymerized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The tertiary amide spacer influences various characteristics of the zwitterionic polymer. The modified polyzwitterion, PZI, forms coacervates in deionized water. The coacervates are thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and transmittance studies. The ability to form coacervate complexes with functional ingredients has been demonstrated by encapsulating renewable resource actives like ferulic acid. The coacervate complexes have been studied by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and automated sunscreen sun protection factor analyzer. Synergism is noticed in the coacervate complex. Because of its ability to form self-coacervates, this novel addition to the zwitterionic family is potentially useful for encapsulating many functional ingredients through coacervate complex formation.

Reversible Photo- and Thermoresponsive, Self-Assembling Azobenzene Containing Zwitterionic Polymers

“…The introduction of cyclic anhydride groups also interrupts with any ionic interaction that may have existed between two adjacent units of the zwitterionic repeat unit. This in effect could lead to reduced charged interactions which explain the difference in behavior between homo and copolymers noticed in the aqueous medium. ,, Like the homopolymer of poly­(SB), poly­(SB- co -MA)­s were also soluble in trifluoroethanol, hexafluoroisopropanol, and formic acid. The copolymers were insoluble in most of the common organic solvents.…”

“…Such a quick response in the aqueous medium is due to the ease of mobility of polymer chains caused by effective solvation of zwitterionic units by water. Solvation reduces the interchain ionic interactions, thereby enhancing the mobility of polymer chains as well as the relaxation of pendant groups . The comparatively poorer response observed in poly­((SB- co -MA)- g -Azo 2) and poly­((SB- co -MA)- g -Azo 3) may be due to the appreciable bathochromic shift (more than 100 nm in the case of poly­((SB- co -MA)- g -Azo 3) as compared with poly­((SB- co -MA)- g -Azo 1) (Figure S7).…”

“…Zwitterions can be designed through a judicious combination of anions and cations. Polysulfobetaines (PSB) have attracted considerable interest in areas such as antifouling, membrane, coatings, stabilization, encapsulation, and oil-field applications. − Polyzwitterions that reduce nonspecific protein fouling upon UV irradiation has been reported recently. − Therefore, the use of the polyzwitterions in conjunction with the photoresponsive moiety such as azo group could open up new possibilities to construct the highly stable photochromic system for biomedical and other applications. , …”

Sulfobetaine polymers for effective permeability into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs)

“…27–30 There have been a small number of studies on sulfobetaine polymers that have side chains between the zwitterions. 31,32 Hildebrand et al prepared hydroxy group substituted poly(sulfobetaine methacrylamide), referred to here as P(OH–MAAmSB) and examined the effects of Hofmeister salts on the cloud points of polymer solutions. 27,31 Interestingly, this transition behavior was quite different from that of P(MAAmSB), and P(OH–MAAmSB) showed an opposite temperature shift behavior to that of P(MAAmSB) in the Hofmeister series.…”

Preparation of Cross-Linkable Zwitterionic Polybenzoxazine with Sulfobetaine Groups and Corresponding Zwitterionic Thermosetting Resin for Antifouling Surface Coating

“…The other is polybetaines, which have cationic and anionic groups at the same monomer unit . Zwitterionic polymers, especially polybetaines, have continuously received researchers’ attention because of their unique properties and high potentials for wide applications, such as drug and gene delivery, bioinert surfaces, antifouling separation membranes, and self-healable hydrogels. − The most effective approach for preparation of polybetaines could be synthesis of betaine compounds, which are capable of proceeding chain polymerization. − Employing the betaine compounds as monomers in controlled/living anionic and radical polymerization systems has provided an effective approach for preparation of well-defined polybetaines as well as building up polybetaines architectures on substrate surfaces. − …”