Polysulfone tailor-made implant for the surgical correction of a frontoparietal meningoencephalocoele in a cat

Abstract

Case summary A 6-week-old entire female domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a soft bulge and a palpable skull defect on the forehead, present since adoption a few days earlier. The neurological examination revealed an absent menace response bilaterally and apparent blindness, localising the lesion to the occipital cortex. The main differential diagnoses were meningocoele (MC) and meningoencephalocoele (MEC). Surgical repair was proposed once the cat reached adult size. Meanwhile, the cat developed seizures and was treated with anticonvulsant therapy. At 6 months of age, CT confirmed a frontoparietal MEC with associated porencephaly. Based on a three-dimensional printed skull mould, a polysulfone implant was created. The meninges were dissected from the skin, a durectomy was performed and samples of the protruding brain were obtained. Part of the cerebrospinal fluid was drained until the size of the protruding brain decreased enough to be included below the implant that was anchored on top of the skull with cerclages. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of MEC. Three years and 7 months later, the cat had partially recovered vision but continued to seize monthly despite antiepileptic drugs. Relevance and novel information MC/MEC is a relatively uncommon disease reported in companion animals, and only four cases of surgical management have been described, and did not use a polysulfone tailor-made implant. In human medicine, surgical intervention is the treatment of choice. This case highlights a new implant option for surgical correction of MEC with good long-term result and no complications after 3 years and 7 months.

Are postnatal traumatic events an underestimated cause of porencephalic lesions in dogs and cats?

“…The congenital lack of the calvarial bone could act as a least resistant point similarly to the skull fracture, allowing the herniation of brain tissue and the developing of the PC. All these malformations occurred at the level of the parietal region; this finding is in accordance with a previous study ( 28 ) in which porencephaly was seen in all cases with parietal MC in dogs and with a case report ( 23 ) describing a cat with frontoparietal MEC. Another finding that supports a strict relationship between postnatal traumatic brain injury and PCs is that four of the five cases where CE was seen have been classified as presumed acquired traumatic.…”

“…Porencephaly is poorly described in small animal medicine, especially in cats, with only five cases reported for this species in literature ( 7 , 11 , 22 , 23 ). In this study population, 28.1% of the patients were cats, most of them two years old or younger at the time of diagnosis, suggesting that porencephaly should be considered a differential diagnosis in young cats with neurological signs, especially with history of seizure activity.…”

Exencephaly–Anencephaly Sequence Associated with Maxillary Brachygnathia, Spinal Defects, and Palatoschisis in a Male Domestic Cat

“…In felines, the main and relatively uncommon NTDs reported are meningocele, meningoencephalocele [36,37], myeloschisis [38], and spina bifida. Burmese cats are predisposed to craniofacial anomalies due to their high linkage disequilibrium and inbreeding.…”