Polythiophene microspheres synthesized by transition metal mediated oxidative dispersion polymerization

Wang, Zi; Wang, Yanfang; Hu, Nantao; Wei, Liangming; Chen, Shaoxiong; Zhang, Yafei

doi:10.1002/pola.24337

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although electrochemical polymerization55 and many other polymerization methods, such as in‐situ polymerization,2 Stille coupling reaction,56, 57 transition metal‐mediated oxidative dispersion polymerization,58 Kumada coupling polymerization,59 ring‐opening metathesis polymerization,60 and so forth, have been developed to prepare polythiophenes including PEDOT and its analogs, chemical oxidative polymerization is still the most important and irreplaceable way for large‐scale industrial applications until now. Therefore, herein, chemical oxidative polymerization of EDTT with oxidants was performed in different solvents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Le‐Petross

Whitman

Atchley

et al. 2011

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to supplement screening mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE) in women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer. In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of alternating screening mammography and breast MRI every 6 months in women who had a genetically high risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on all women who were seen in a high-risk breast cancer clinic from 1997 to 2009. Patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations who underwent alternating screening mammography and breast MRI every 6 months were included in the study. Mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and biopsy results were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 73 patients who met the study criteria, 37 had BRCA1 mutations, and 36 had BRCA2 mutations. Twenty-one patients (29%) completed 1 cycle of mammography and MRI surveillance, 23 patients (31%) completed 2 cycles, 18 patients (25%) completed 3 cycles, and patients 11 (15%) completed !4 cycles. The median follow-up was 2 years (range, 1-6 years). Thirteen cancers were detected among 11 women (15%). The mean tumor size was 14 mm (range, 1-30 mm), and 2 patients had bilateral cancers. Twelve of 13 cancers were detected on an MRI but not on the screening mammography study that was obtained 6 months earlier. One cancer (a 1-mm focus of ductal carcinoma in situ) was an incidental finding in a prophylactic mastectomy specimen. One patient had ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy identified on ultrasonography but had no evidence of lymph node involvement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In women who were at genetically high risk of developing breast cancer, MRI detected cancers that were not identified on mammography 6 months earlier. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of this screening regimen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Le‐Petross

Whitman

Atchley

et al. 2011

Cancer

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“…52 39%) when EG replaced the thiol as shown in Scheme 3, but also much higher than previous reports. 21,[35][36][37]49,50 Effect of Oxidants and Solvents on Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of EDTT Although electrochemical polymerization 55 and many other polymerization methods, such as in-situ polymerization, 2 Stille coupling reaction, 56,57 transition metal-mediated oxidative dispersion polymerization, 58 Kumada coupling polymerization, 59 ring-opening metathesis polymerization, 60 and so forth, have been developed to prepare polythiophenes including PEDOT and its analogs, chemical oxidative polymerization is still the most important and irreplaceable way for large-scale industrial applications until now. Therefore, herein, chemical oxidative polymerization of EDTT with oxidants was performed in different solvents.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic study on chemical oxidative and solid‐state polymerization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene)

Chen

Duan

et al. 2012

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Systematic research on the synthesis, chemical oxidative polymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT) in the presence of surfactants or not, and solid‐state polymerization of 2,5‐dibromo‐3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (DBEDTT) and 2,5‐diiodo‐3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (DIEDTT) under solventless and oxidant‐free conditions has been investigated. Effects of oxidants (Fe3+ salts, persulfate salts, peroxides, and Ce4+ salts), solvents (H2O, CH3CN/H2O, and CH3CN), surfactants, and so forth on polymerization reactions and properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene) (PEDTT) were discussed. Characterizations indicated that FeCl3 was more suitable oxidant for oxidative polymerization of EDTT, while CH3CN was a better solvent to form PEDTT powders with higher yields and electrical conductivities. Dispersing these powders in aqueous polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSH) solution showed better stability and film‐forming property than sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Oxidative polymerization of EDTT in aqueous PSSH solutions formed the solution processable PEDTT dispersions with good storing stability and film‐forming performance. Solvent treatment showed indistinctive effect on electrical conductivity of free‐standing PEDTT films. As‐formed PEDTT synthesized from solid‐state polymerization showed similar electrical conductivity, poorer stability, but better thermoelectric property than oxidative polymerization. Contrastingly, PEDTT synthesized from DIEDTT showed higher electrical conductivity (0.18 S cm−1) than DBEDTT which showed better thermoelectric property with higher power factor value (6.7 × 10−9 W m−1 K−2). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

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“…Pulsed sonoelectrochemical method, employing a combination of sonic and electric pulses, was used to obtain conducting polymer microspheres in range of 1-3 m [17] Submicron sized spheres of poly N-methylaniline (PNMA), for use as antibacterial coatings [18],was obtained by template-free polymerization [19]. Several other routes for obtaining conducting polymer microspheres, like template-free synthesis of polypyrrole microspheres [13], transition *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Materials Engineering, Center for Nanoscience and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Tel: +91-80-2293-2627; Fax: 91-080-2360-0472; E-mail: onegroupb203@gmail.com metal assisted oxidative dispersion polymerization route for size-controlled polythiophene microspheres [20], were also reported. A brief summary of the various available techniques for polymeric nanosphere synthesis were reported by W. Meier et al [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Hollow Microspheres Using Single Step Electrospraying Process

Ramamurthy

Khadija

Ranjith

et al. 2014

J. Res. Updates Polym. Sci.

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In this study, a single step method for large scale fabrication of hollow microspheres with a narrow size distribution is presented. PolyBenzoThiadiazole (PolyBT), a conducting polymer, was electrosprayed at high voltage to obtain microspheres. Hollow spheres of size ranging from 4.1 to 7.3 m were observed through scanning electron microscope images, without any chemical degradation as shown by FTIR studies. In addition, these microspheres demonstrated a change in optical and hydrophobic properties as exhibited by the UV-visible and contact angle measurements. Thus providing interesting opportunities for use in biomedical applications, sensors as well as optoelectronic devices.

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Polythiophene microspheres synthesized by transition metal mediated oxidative dispersion polymerization

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Systematic study on chemical oxidative and solid‐state polymerization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene)

Fabrication of Hollow Microspheres Using Single Step Electrospraying Process

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