Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Diseases

Fèrrante, Antonio; Hii, Charles S.

doi:10.5772/25972

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Dietary enrichment with ω-3 LCPUFAs such as DHA and EPA present in fish oil and certain plant and nut oils [ 4 , 25 , 26 ] has been shown to protect against inflammation [ 27 – 29 ], pathological angiogenesis [ 3 ], and tumorigenesis [ 30 ]. ω-3 LCPUFAs have also been found to suppress ocular inflammation, such as that associated with dry eye [ 31 ] and EIU [ 10 ], as well as ocular neovascularization such as that associated with age-related macular degeneration [ 3 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Association with Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Function

et al. 2015

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Omega (ω)–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and thereby contribute to the regulation of inflammation. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a well-established animal model of autoimmune retinal inflammation. To investigate the potential effects of dietary intake of ω-3 LCPUFAs on uveitis, we examined the anti-inflammatory properties of these molecules in comparison with ω-6 LCPUFAs in a mouse EAU model. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing ω-3 LCPUFAs or ω-6 LCPUFAs for 2 weeks before as well as after the induction of EAU by subcutaneous injection of a fragment of human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein emulsified with complete Freund’s adjuvant. Both clinical and histological scores for uveitis were smaller for mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs than for those fed ω-6 LCPUFAs. The concentrations of the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine interferon-γ and the Th17 cytokine interleukin-17 in intraocular fluid as well as the production of these cytokines by lymph node cells were reduced for mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs. Furthermore, the amounts of mRNAs for the Th1- and Th17-related transcription factors T-bet and RORγt, respectively, were reduced both in the retina and in lymph node cells of mice fed ω-3 LCPUFAs. Our results thus show that a diet enriched in ω-3 LCPUFAs suppressed uveitis in mice in association with inhibition of Th1 and Th17 cell function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Association with Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Function

et al. 2015

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“…Regarding the potential clinical significance of the studies discussed in the present review, we wish to emphasize that MCs are among the major producers of eicosanoids, thus contributing to the development of several inflammatory conditions, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis [88]. In particular, MC-derived PGD 2 has been recognized as an important mediator in asthma by causing bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and alteration of capillary permeability [89].…”

Section: Human Mcs In the Pathogenesis Of Eicosanoid-related Inflammamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells: from lipid droplets to lipid mediators

2013

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LDs (lipid droplets) are metabolically highly active intracellular organelles. The lipid and protein profiles of LDs are cell-type-specific, and they undergo dynamic variation upon changes in the physiological state of a cell. It is well known that the main function of the LDs in adipocytes is to ensure energy supply and to maintain lipid homoeostasis in the body. In contrast, LDs in inflammatory cells have been implicated in eicosanoid biosynthesis, particularly under inflammatory conditions, thereby enabling them to regulate immune responses. Human mast cells are potent effector cells of the innate immune system, and the triacylglycerol (triglyceride) stores of their cytoplasmic LDs have been shown to contain large amounts of arachidonic acid, the main precursor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge about the formation and function of LDs in inflammatory cells with specific emphasis on arachidonic acid and eicosanoid metabolism. On the basis of findings reported previously and our new observations, we propose a model in which lipolysis of LD-triacylglycerols provides arachidonic acid for lipid mediator generation in human mast cells.

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Diseases

Cited by 2 publications

References 83 publications

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Association with Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Function

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Suppress Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Association with Inhibition of Th1 and Th17 Cell Function

Mast cells: from lipid droplets to lipid mediators

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