Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause physiological and behavioral changes in Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio fischeri

Abstract

Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri are Gram-negative bacteria found globally in marine environments. During the past decade, studies have shown that certain Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio species (cholerae, parahaemolyticus, and vulnificus) are capable of using exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to modify the phospholipids of their membrane. Moreover, exposure to exogenous PUFAs has been shown to affect certain phenotypes that are important factors of virulence. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri are capable of responding to exogenous PUFAs by remodeling their membrane phospholipids and/or altering behaviors associated with virulence. Thinlayer chromatography (TLC) analyses and ultra-performance liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) confirmed incorporation of all PUFAs into membrane phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine.Several growth phenotypes were identified when individual fatty acids were supplied in minimal media and as sole carbon sources. Interestingly, several PUFAs acids inhibited growth of V. fischeri. Significant alterations to membrane permeability were observed depending on fatty acid supplemented. Strikingly, arachidonic acid (20:4) reduced membrane permeability by approximately 35% in both V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri. Biofilm assays indicated that fatty acid influence was dependent on media composition and temperature. All fatty acids caused decreased swimming motility in V. alginolyticus, while only linoleic acid (18:2) significantly increased swimming motility in V. fischeri. In summary, exogenous fatty acids cause a variety of changes in V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri, thus adding these bacteria to a growing list of Gram-negatives that exhibit versatility in fatty acid utilization and highlighting the potential for environmental PUFAs to influence phenotypes associated with planktonic, beneficial, and pathogenic associations.

Salinity and hydraulic retention time induce membrane phospholipid acyl chain remodeling in Halanaerobium congolense WG10 and mixed cultures from hydraulically fractured shale wells

“…Shale microbes may also possibly acquire exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from their surroundings. This scavenging behavior is not unthinkable among microbes and have been reported in several bacterial species including halotolerant Vibrio (Smith et al, 2021), as well as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Escherichia and Klebsiella (Eder et al, 2017;Moravec et al, 2017;Baker et al, 2018;Hobby et al, 2019;Herndon et al, 2020;Zang et al, 2021). In this hypothetical scenario, exogenous PUFAs would likely come from the oil and gas reservoirs.…”

Exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence permeability, antimicrobial peptide resistance, biofilm formation and membrane phospholipid structure in an A‐layer and non‐A‐layer strain of Aeromonas salmonicida

“…Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and several Vibrio spp., display the opposite trend (Baker et al, 2018;Eder et al, 2017;Moravec et al, 2017;Smith et al, 2021), suggesting different coping mechanisms (e.g. degree of incorporation or membrane response systems) for acyl chain substitutions in phospholipids.…”

Phylogenetic investigation of Gammaproteobacteria proteins involved in exogenous long-chain fatty acid acquisition and assimilation

“…The class Gammaproteobacteria is defined by a relationship in the 16S rRNA gene sequences [ 3 ]. Gammaproteobacteria contains many pathogens, such as several Vibrio species ( cholerae , parahaemolyticus , vulnificus , and alginolyticus) , Allivibrio ficheri , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and the model bacterial organism Escherichia coli [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Many members of this class, including all the aforementioned species, are able to incorporate exogenous fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), into the phospholipids of their membranes [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] ].…”

“…Gammaproteobacteria contains many pathogens, such as several Vibrio species ( cholerae , parahaemolyticus , vulnificus , and alginolyticus) , Allivibrio ficheri , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and the model bacterial organism Escherichia coli [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ]. Many members of this class, including all the aforementioned species, are able to incorporate exogenous fatty acids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), into the phospholipids of their membranes [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] ]. Such assimilation results in phospholipid structural modifications, causing increased membrane permeability to hydrophobic compounds and altered resistance to certain antibiotics.…”