Polyunsaturated fatty acids in zooplankton: variation due to taxonomy and trophic position

Persson, Jonas; Vrede, Tobias

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01540.x

Cited by 168 publications

(230 citation statements)

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“…This was perhaps more crucial for the young generation of the dominant species in the area (S. enflata) which was at the beginning of its major breeding period (Kehayias et al 2005). In this way, the juveniles of S. enflata that came from the summer's breeding batch, requiring instantly available and considerable amount of energy for their development, directed their diet to cladocerans, possibly because of their greater nutritional value in comparison to copepods (Persson & Vrede 2006). Also, S. minima, even if it was not in the middle of reproductive period, seemed to take the advantage of the new food supply produced by the increase of the cladoceran community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean

Kehayias

Kourouvakalis

2010

Biologia

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This study investigates the diel vertical distribution and the diet of the most important chaetognath species found in the 0-50 m surface layer of a coastal area in the eastern Mediterranean during a 24-hour period in July 2004. Among the recorded chaetognaths, Sagitta enflata was the most abundant species (41.6%), followed by S. minima (32.5%) and S. serratodentata (20.8%). Those three species exhibited a "twilight migration" pattern, with only small differences among them. Vertical separation was found between S. enflata and S. minima. Both species preyed mainly on cladocerans, although copepods were the most abundant group in the zooplankton assemblage. The chaetognath species followed partially the diel vertical migration of their prey. S. enflata showed high feeding intensity at different times in both day and night, while S. minima fed more intensively at midday (12:00) and at dusk (20:00), and S. serratodentata in the morning (08:00). It seems that in order to coexist in an area of low productivity the chaetognath species follow the basic ecological rules of space, time and food-type separation, in order to reduce the inter-and intra-specific competition. The high preference of S. minima and especially of S. enflata for the cladocerans made them probably the most important predators of cladocerans during summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean

Kehayias

Kourouvakalis

2010

Biologia

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“…The fatty acid profiles of storage lipids, triacylglycerols or wax esters have widely been used to elucidate trophic interactions of various copepod species in both marine and freshwater ecosystems (Persson and Vrede 2006;Kattner et al 2007;Caramujo et al 2008). The combination of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) and stable isotopes has proven useful in deciphering trophic relations among various plankton and benthos groups (Rooker et al 2006;Gladyshev 2009), including calanoid copepods (El-Sabaawi et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding spectra of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Calanoida, Copepoda) using fatty acid trophic markers in seston food in two salt lakes in South Siberia (Khakasia, Russia)

et al. 2010

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During two vegetation seasons (2004)(2005), we compared feeding spectra of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Calanoida, Copepoda) populations inhabiting two neighboring salt lakes, Shira and Shunet, Khakasia, Russia, using fatty acid (FA) trophic markers. Sestonic FA composition in two lakes moderately differed, whereas levels of diatom FA markers were higher in Lake Shunet and of Cyanobacteria and green algae markers in Lake Shira. In general, markers in storage lipids-triacylglycerols (TAG) of A. salinusreflected the differences in sestonic composition of the two lakes. Nevertheless, TAG fraction was also enriched by FA trophic markers of the minor components of seston, which were selectively ingested by the animals. In Lake Shira, A. salinus had significantly higher concentrations of bacterial FA markers in TAG. In Lake Shunet, TAG of A. salinus contained significantly higher relative amounts of 18:4x3, 18:5x3 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which indicated marked contribution of cryptophytes or (and) flagellates into the diet. Laboratory experiments showed feeding on Cryptomonas and sulfur purple bacteria in Lake Shunet and ciliates and colonial picoplankton in both lakes, and generally confirmed the differences in FA trophic markers in A. salinus between the lakes. The two populations of A. salinus markedly differed in levels of essential long-chain PUFA, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, although the levels of these FA in seston were quite similar between the two lakes. The higher levels of the essential x3 PUFA in A. salinus in Lake Shunet may be an adaptive response of the animals to a vertical stratification of physico-chemical conditions and significantly higher salinity levels at the boundary of adjacent bottom layer in this lake.

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“…Thus herbivorous or carnivorous nature of zooplankters may further decide the fate of PUFAs transfer to higher trophic positions like fish. Persson and Verde (2006) reported PUFAs contents, as essential fatty acid in general, are much higher in zooplankton (Figure 2) than saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids indicating that the later two fatty acids are not efficiently transferred to higher trophic level though they are used as C source. They also added that its content, especially of C20-22 length is higher in carnivorous than herbivorous zooplankters.…”

Section: Algal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas): C-based Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa shows very low fecundity on a diet deprived of EPA and DHA (Ederington et al, 1995;Kleppel et al, 1998) whereas the harpacticoid copepod Thisbe holothyria, a detritus feeder, can complete ontogenesis on C20 PUFA deficient diet due to de novo synthesis of EPA and DHA from ALA (Norsker and Støttrup, 1994). Through microbial loop, C transfer as PUFA is not efficient as bacteria are known to lack essential PUFAs (Ederington et al, 1995; Pinkart Persson and Verde, 2006).…”

Section: Algal Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas): C-based Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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C and P in aquatic food chain: A review on C:P stoichiometry and PUFA regulation

Saikia

Nandi

2010

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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Key-words:aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain, microbial loop, PUFA, stoichiometry, homeostasis Carbon (C) and phosphorous (P) regulation in aquatic food chains are transferred from lower to upper trophic levels primarily as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and C:P stoichiometry. The majority of C is transferred through algal based pathway. Microbial loop, though optionally contributes to C transfer, highly constrained by P limitation and bacterial predator type. Lack of essential PUFAs in bacteria is also responsible for its low trophic transfer of C. The seston size and algal taxonomic variations directly affect herbivore through P-dependent food quality and de novo synthesis of PUFAs. Change in algal community over a gradient could therefore determine C transfer. Feeding nature (herbivorous or carnivorous) and predator sizes also regulate transfer efficiency of C and P to upper trophic levels. As trophic levels move up, P-limitation becomes higher compared to autotrophs. For Daphnia, as mostly studied aquatic herbivore member, P limitation becomes critical at C:P > 300 indicating excess C is not always invited under P-deficient situations. However, as a part of homeostasis mechanism for trophic upgrading, conversion of algal-zooplankton interface from qualitative to quantitative could minimize such critical C:P regulation at higher trophic levels. Protists, in turn, with high clearance rate by zooplankton predator could also compensate qualitative effect. RÉSUMÉC et P dans les chaînes alimentaires aquatiques : une revue sur la stoechimétrie C:P et la régulation par les PUFA Les régulations par carbone (C) et phosphore (P) dans les chaînes trophiques aquatiques sont transférées des niveaux trophiques inférieurs vers les supérieurs au travers des acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFAs) et du rapport stoechiométrique C:P. La majorité du C est transférée par la voie reposant sur les algues. La boucle microbienne, bien que contribuant au transfert du C, est très contrainte par la limitation en P et la prédation. Un manque de PUFAs essentiels est également responsable de ce faible transfert du C. La taille du seston et les variations taxonomiques des algues affectent directement les herbivores au travers de la qualité nutritionnelle dépendante du P et de la synthèse de novo de PUFAs. Le type de nourriture (herbivorie ou carnivorie) et les tailles de prédateurs régulent aussi l'efficacité du transfert de C et P vers les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. La limitation par P devient plus importante dans les niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Pour Daphnia, comme pour beaucoup d'organismes herbivores étudiés, la limitation par P devient cruciale quand C:P > 300, indiquant un excès de C pas toujours dû à des situations de déficience en P. Toutefois, comme part du mécanisme d'homéo-stasie pour le « trophic upgrading », le passage de l'interface algue-zooplancton de qualitatif à quantitatif peut atténuer la régulation critique C:P aux niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Les protistes, avec un taux de prédation par le zooplanct...

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids in zooplankton: variation due to taxonomy and trophic position

Cited by 168 publications

References 54 publications

Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean

Diel vertical migration and feeding of chaetognaths in coastal waters of the eastern Mediterranean

Feeding spectra of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Calanoida, Copepoda) using fatty acid trophic markers in seston food in two salt lakes in South Siberia (Khakasia, Russia)

C and P in aquatic food chain: A review on C:P stoichiometry and PUFA regulation

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