Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Gillies, Donna; Leach, Matthew; Algorta, Guillermo Pérez

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007986.pub3

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…In addition, this supplementation resulted in a noticeable clinical improvement ( 44 ). A recent meta-analysis showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a limited effect on treatment outcomes in ADHD ( 45 ). Nevertheless, a better understanding of the inflammatory background in ADHD may help to identify patients with higher levels of inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gędek,

Modrzejewski,

Gędek

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unclear etiology. Systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Morphology-derived parameters such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), have been proposed as peripheral biomarkers of the immune-inflammatory process in various diseases. However, studies examining their role in ADHD remain inconclusive.MethodsA systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between NLR, MLR, PLR and ADHD. Relevant articles were identified, screened, and assessed for quality according to PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.ResultsThe review contained eight eligible studies, five of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that ADHD patients had higher NLR and PLR values compared to health controls. No significant difference in MLR value was observed between the two groups. Analysis in relation to ADHD subtypes showed no significant differences in inflammatory markers in any of the included studies as well. The influence of medical treatment on these ratios could not be adequately assessed due to limited data.ConclusionADHD patients exhibit higher NLR and PLR than healthy controls, which may indicate the potential immune-inflammatory involvement in this disorder. Further studies on inflammatory markers and ADHD, especially those considering the impact of treatment and clinical symptoms, are essential to comprehensively understand this association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gędek,

Modrzejewski,

Gędek

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In the past decade, a number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the potential of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs as supplementary treatments for ADHD (Puri and Martins, 2014;Derbyshire, 2017;Gillies et al, 2023). Additionally, blood long chain-PUFAs levels in erythrocyte membranes and plasma are lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy control groups, according to the previous studies (Stevens et al, 1995;Burgess et al, 2000;Antalis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Pufas)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of vitamins and nutrients in the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a narrative review

El-Sayed,

Saad Alamri,

El-Sayed

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects individuals across all age groups, including children, adolescents, and adults. The etiology of ADHD involves lack of a number of nutrients and food components. However, certain dietary strategies have been suggested as additional therapy in this condition. Google Scholar, SCOPUS, and PubMed were among the databases searched for the studies. This review shed light on the correlation of dietary patterns with ADHD and to provide a concise summary of the current research about the practical application of dietary therapies. In the research, unhealthy eating habits were positively correlated with ADHD, but healthy eating habits were negatively correlated. Furthermore, there is a notable correlation between ADHD and a lack of certain nutrients, including iron, zinc, magnesium, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D. The main limitation of this narrative review is the lack of scientific evidence. Although these dietary modifications are promising strategies for ADHD management, a stronger scientific proof is needed to be validated.

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“…An upsurge in trials is indicated by the 24 additional RCTs included in this update of the original 2012 review. 14 Despite the expanded evidence base, Gillies et al 1 found there is low-certainty evidence to support the efficacy of PUFA supplementation in alleviating ADHD symptoms compared to placebo, but high-certainty evidence that PUFA supplementation does not improve core ADHD symptoms. This suggests PUFA supplements should not be recommended as a stand-alone, routine treatment for ADHD.…”

Section: How Did the Authors Conclude On The Evidence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 ADHD frequently persists into adulthood and is associated with educational, occupational, behavioral, and social challenges. 1,3 Genetic, neurobiological, psychosocial, and environmental factors likely contribute to ADHD, with genetics playing the predominant role, accounting for approximately 75% of its etiology. 4 Primary treatment options include non-pharmacological approaches such as behavioral therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this commentary is to discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the Cochrane Review ‘Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents’ 1 by Gillies et al., published by Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group. This Cochrane Corner is produced in agreement with Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology by Cochrane Rehabilitation with views* of the review summary author in the ‘implications for practice’ section.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Are polyunsaturated fatty acids effective for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary

Young

2024

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The aim of this commentary is to discuss from a rehabilitation perspective the Cochrane Review 'Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents' 1 by Gillies et al., a published by Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group. This Cochrane Corner is produced in agreement with Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology by Cochrane Rehabilitation with views* of the review summary author in the 'implications for practice' section. BACKGROU N DAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, estimated to affect 7.6% of children globally. 2 It is characterized by inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that hinder proper functioning. 3 ADHD frequently persists into adulthood and is associated with educational, occupational, behavioral, and social challenges. 1,3 Genetic, neurobiological, psychosocial, and environmental factors likely contribute to ADHD, with genetics playing the predominant role, accounting for approximately 75% of its etiology. 4 Primary treatment options include non-pharmacological approaches such as behavioral therapy. Pharmacological * The views expressed in the summary with commentary are those of the Cochrane Corner author (different than the original Cochrane Review authors) and do not represent the Cochrane Library or Wiley.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 128 publications

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Role of vitamins and nutrients in the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a narrative review

Are polyunsaturated fatty acids effective for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary

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