Polyunsaturated fatty acids support epithelial barrier integrity and reduce IL-4 mediated permeability in vitro

Willemsen, Linette E. M.; Koetsier, Marleen A.; Balvers, Martin; Beermann, Christopher; Stahl, Bernd; Tol, Eric A.F. van

doi:10.1007/s00394-008-0712-0

Cited by 107 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…AA itself has a role in intestinal barrier function ( 39 ), and the increases described here are likely to have an impact in that regard. A role for elevated PGE 2 levels in altered GIT muscle activity is also possible ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Marked elevations in pro-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in females with irritable bowel syndrome

Clarke

Fitzgerald

Hennessy

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and potentially disabling, though nonfatal, medical disorder that can affect up to 20% of the population. It is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder referred to gastroenterologists ( 1 ). Although it has evolved over the years in terms of nomenclature ( 2, 3 ), classifi cation ( 4-6 ), and appreciation of its frequency ( 7 ), a poor understanding of disease pathophysiology has remained a constant. According to the Rome III criteria, a symptom-based classifi cation system, the disease-defi ning symptom profi le encompasses abdominal pain and an altered bowel habit, with distension, bloating, and a variety of disturbances in defecatory function being additional features ( 8 ).The disorder is increasingly viewed as a disorder of the brain-gut axis, a construct describing a bidirectional interaction between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), incorporating the intestinal epithelial barrier, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), gut muscle and the enteric nervous system (ENS), and the central nervous system (CNS) ( 9, 10 ). Most recently, the proposal that low-grade infl ammation, as evidenced by the release of mast cell mediators and activation of lymphocytes in the colo-rectal mucosa and by the detection of elevated levels of pro-infl ammatory cytokines in serum ( 8,(11)(12)(13), has provided a new dimension to this paradigm. The source of this low-grade infl ammation, or immune activation, whether luminal or central, has remained elusive. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites have been shown to infl uence infl ammatory processes ( 14 ). Moreover, a pro-infl ammatory PUFA profi le has recently been reported in the maternal separation rodent model, an animal model of IBS ( 15 ).Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder referred to gastroenterologists. Although the pathophysiology remains unclear, accumulating evidence points to the presence of low-level immune activation both in the gut and systemically. Circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have recently attracted attention as being altered in a variety of disease states. Arachidonic acid (AA), in particular, has been implicated in the development of a pro-infl ammatory profi le in a number of immune-related disorders. AA is the precursor of a number of important immunomodulatory eicosanoids, including prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ). We investigated the hypothesis that elevated plasma AA concentrations in plasma contribute to the proposed pro-infl ammatory profi le in IBS. Plasma AA and related PUFA were quantifi ed by gas chromatography analysis in IBS patients and controls. Both PGE 2 and LTB 4 were measured in serum using commercially available ELISA assays. AA concentrations were elevated in our patient cohort compared with healthy controls. Moreover, we demonstrated that this disturbance in plasma AA concentrations leads to downstream elevations in eicosanoids. Together, our data identifi es...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Marked elevations in pro-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in females with irritable bowel syndrome

Clarke

Fitzgerald

Hennessy

et al. 2010

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…Dietary modifications that alter TJs have already been described (40), and it is intriguing to speculate that modifications that modulate membrane lipid content could regulate the onset or severity of inflammation via this mechanism. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) enhance intestinal epithelial barrier function (57) and reportedly relocalize occludin and ZO-1 to lipid raft fractions (23). In vivo, n-3 PUFA supplementation has been shown to attenuate inflammation or promote remission in both murine (8,32) and human (55) IBD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid rafts are disrupted in mildly inflamed intestinal microenvironments without overt disruption of the epithelial barrier

Bowie

Donatello

Lyes

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…Several findings indicate, in addition, that acetate may contribute substantially to the de novo lipid synthesis in enterocytes, equal to that of butyrate, and that this effect could be antagonized by propionate (120)(121)(122). Acetate may thus contribute significantly to several aspects of gut health (98,123). However, many aspects of the complex interplay of SCFAs and their effect on gastrointestinal development and metabolic imprinting in young infants remain to be elucidated (124).…”

Section: Modulation Of Gastrointestinal Physiology By Colonic Fermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides

Oozeer¹,

Limpt²,

Ludwig³

et al. 2013

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

155

131

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Human milk is generally accepted as the best nutrition for newborns and has been shown to support the optimal growth and development of infants. On the basis of scientific insights from human-milk research, a specific mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides has been developed, with the aim to improve the intestinal microbiota in early life. The mixture has been extensively studied and has been shown to be safe and to have potential health benefits that are similar to those of human milk. The specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides has been found to affect the development of early microbiota and to increase the Bifidobacterium amounts as observed in human-milk-fed infants. The resulting gut ecophysiology is characterized by high concentrations of lactate, a slightly acidic pH, and specific short-chain fatty acid profiles, which are high in acetate and low in butyrate and propionate. Here, we have summarized the main findings of dietary interventions with these specific oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in early life. The gut ecophysiology in early life may have consequences for the metabolic, immunologic, and even neurologic development of the child because reports increasingly substantiate the important function of gut microbes in human health. This review highlights major findings in the field of early gut colonization and the potential impact of early nutrition in healthy growth and development.Am J Clin Nutr 2013;98(suppl):561S-71S.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids support epithelial barrier integrity and reduce IL-4 mediated permeability in vitro

Abstract: Long chain PUFA DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA were particularly effective in supporting barrier integrity by improving resistance and reducing IL-4 mediated permeability. Fat blends that release specific PUFA upon digestion in the gastrointestinal tract may support natural resistance.

Cited by 107 publications

References 44 publications

Marked elevations in pro-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in females with irritable bowel syndrome

Marked elevations in pro-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in females with irritable bowel syndrome

Lipid rafts are disrupted in mildly inflamed intestinal microenvironments without overt disruption of the epithelial barrier

Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides

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