Polyurethane Foams Coated with Phosphorus-Doped Mesoporous Carbon for Flame-Retardant Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Abstract

A phosphorus-doped mesoporous carbon (PMC)-filled coating was deposited on polyurethane foam (PUF) via a layer-by-layer assembly method. First, PMC was prepared from bio-sourced saccharose and phytic acid using mesoporous silica KIT-6 as a hard template. The coated PUF was then prepared by alternate dipping into a chitosan (CH) solution and dipping into an alginate-stabilized PMC (AL-PMC) aqueous dispersion. A few layers (three bilayers) of the CH/AL-PMC coating allowed the PUF to self-extinguish when exposed to a butane flame (≈1400 °C). Additionally, this coating layer enabled the foam to pass the UL-94 rating. Cone calorimetry revealed that this coating reduced the peak heat release rate, rate of smoke release, total smoke release, peak CO2 production rate, and peak CO production rate by 56, 48, 29, 35, and 35%, respectively. Using this foam, a flame retardant foam-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FRF-TENG) was fabricated. The FRF-TENG exhibited excellent energy harvesting performance, offering 158 V and 2.26 μA cm–2 open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, respectively. Furthermore, the FRF-TENG can be attached on a chair and serve as a self-powered sensor for the detection of back movement and sit-stand motion. This study may provide a promising potential for the design and fabrication of multifunctional smart foams.

Multifunctional Flame-Retardant, Thermal Insulation, and Antimicrobial Wood-Based Composites

“…It suggests that the introduction of AMPA greatly affects the thermal degradation behavior of delignified wood, and more ammonia and polyphosphoric acid are formed, leading to the increase in smoke production. 35 However, the TSP of the composite wood-III has been effectively lower than that of delignified wood. This may be due to the strong ability to form the charcoal layer, covering the wood surface to form a protective layer, inhibiting the production of harmful gases, and having an obvious smoke suppression effect.…”

“…The TSP of the composite wood-I and composite wood-II increases to some extent compared with that of delignified wood. It suggests that the introduction of AMPA greatly affects the thermal degradation behavior of delignified wood, and more ammonia and polyphosphoric acid are formed, leading to the increase in smoke production . However, the TSP of the composite wood-III has been effectively lower than that of delignified wood.…”

Turning trash into treasure: recent advances in triboelectric nanogenerator based on waste-derived carbonized materials

“…17(a)). 121 The electrical energy generated when moving backward illuminated >20 green light-emitting diodes, reminding people to correct their sitting postures.…”

Graphene Nanoplatelet Exoskeleton on Polyurethane Foam to Produce Flame‐Retardant, Piezoresistive, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Surfaces

“…Owing to these unique properties, PUF is traditionally used in seat cushions, mattresses, packaging materials, vehicle seats; and heat, electricity, and noise insulators. [1][2][3] Recent materials' demand and technological advancements have widened the application scope of PUF in cutting-edge technologies. An appropriate modification is necessary to utilize the PUF in these advanced applications.…”

“…Meanwhile, the surface modification of PUF boosts its flame retardancy, an important property for pressure sensing and EMI shielding applications. [2] Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to enhance the flame-retardant performance of PUF. [7,[12][13][14][15][16] The most common methods used for surface modification of 3D porous polymeric foams are i) dip coating, [8,17,18] ii) layer-bylayer (LbL) assembly, [16,[19][20][21] iii) hydrothermal, [22][23][24][25][26] iv) in situ polymerization, [27][28][29] v) polymer-assisted electroless plating, [13,30] or vi) a combination of two or more of these techniques.…”