Polyvinyl alcohol-heteropoly acid polymer electrolytes and their applications in electrochemical capacitors

Polymer Electrolytes Based on Borane/Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether for Lithium Batteries

“…Although water in salt electrolyte system seems to be promising due to increased working voltage, this technology is still premature and the salts that are used are too expensive for any application [7,8]. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) has higher ionic conductivity than solid polymer electrolyte, better stability than liquid electrolyte, and higher operating voltage than aqueous electrolytes yielding a different method to solve the problems of those energy storage systems [9][10][11].…”

Electrical Properties and Phase Behavior of Proton Conducting Nanocomposites Based on the Polymer System (1 － x)[PVOH + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O]·x(Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)

“…Among them, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a hydrophilic, biodegradable and non-toxic synthetic polymer, has been widely used in different areas of research, development and production. These extend from solid state electrochemistry applications (fuel cell, batteries, and electrochromic devices) [1]- [4] to the biological and medical fields. PVOH polymer molecule consists of monomer units, Figure 1.…”

“…There are various ceramic fillers, such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 [4] [11] [13]- [15], which have been extensively studied. These experimental results indicated improvements in the ionic conductivity, thermal and mechanical properties as the different ceramic fillers were added into the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE).…”

Electrochemical Properties of Activated Carbon Capacitor Adopting a Proton-conducting Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte

“…Some drawbacks, such as poor film-forming capability and sensitivity to moisture, have so far limited application as solid electrolyte. 4 A study was also tried by incorporating the heteropolyacid in polymer matrix to enable the formation of good solid electrolyte with high conductivity and good mechanical property. 5 That is, an electrochemical capacitor adopting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silicotungstic acid (SWA) was suggested as an EDLC with good stability and cycle life over three months.…”

“…The PVA with SWA could form a solid film, and thereby the film was used as an electrolyte system in an electrochemical capacitor. 4 The PVA has also been used in preparing a number of hydrogels. For instance, an acidic hydrogel electrolyte was successfully prepared from aqueous solution of 4 M H2SO4, PVA, and glutaraldehyde to design a capacitor.…”