Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Added Ceramic Powder Composite Near-Field Electrospinned Piezoelectric Fiber-Based Low-Frequency Dynamic Sensors

Abstract

In this study, near-field electrospinning (NFES) is used to fabricate Ba x Sr1 – x TiO 3 (BST)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) piezoelectric fiber composites with excellent mechanical properties and chemical properties. BST ceramic powder is blended with PVDF solution uniformly to prepare a solution of appropriate conductance. The parameter for BST/PVDF fiber processing is based on PVDF fibers. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, microtensile testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electricity test of the blends of BST/PVDF fibers are incorporated. Mechanical properties of the fibers are then measured by microtensile testing. Effects of distinct ratios of Ba/Sr and the content of Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ceramic powder on BST/PVDF piezoelectric fibers are discussed. Finally, BST/PVDF piezoelectric fiber composites are patterned on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based structure with an interdigital electrode as a BST/PVDF flexible energy harvester to capture ambient energy. The results show that the BST ceramic powder is ∼58–93 nm, and the diameters of piezoelectric fiber composites are ∼6.8–13.7 μm. The tensile strength of piezoelectric fiber composites is ∼74.92 MPa, and the Young’s coefficient tensile strength is ∼3.74 GPa. Mechanical properties are 2–3 times higher than those of pure PVDF piezoelectric fibers. The maximum open-circuit voltage and closed-loop current of BST/PVDF fibers reached ∼1025 mV and ∼391 nA, respectively. The electromechanical energy conversion efficiency of the BST/PVDF energy harvester is found to be 1–2 times higher than that of the PVDF energy harvester. It is confirmed and validated that the addition of BST ceramic powder could effectively increase the piezoelectric constant of PVDF piezoelectric fibers.

Piezoelectric Property Enhancement of PZT/Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Hybrid Films for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

“…There are five distinct phases in PVDF, namely, α, β, γ, δ, and ε, and its piezoelectricity is determined by the formation of either the β or γ phase. Increases in the β- or γ-phase contents can therefore improve its piezoelectric effect, not only as a result of its piezoelectric and crystal structure but also because of the ease of processing the solution, low processing temperature, high sensitivity, low density, and flexibility. − Furthermore, PVDF-TrFE copolymers grafted with trifluoroethylene (TrFE) can produce the spontaneously polarized β phase. A significant number of scholars have published papers on composite piezoelectric materials in international journals in recent years.…”

Synchronous Construction of Piezoelectric Elements and Nanoresistance Networks for Pressure Sensing Based on the Wheatstone Bridge Principle

“…The rapid evolution of flexible and wearable miniature electronics in the human–machine interface (HMI), internet of things (IOT), and microscopic robotics has brought remarkable opportunities for the development of sensing materials. − Recently, micro-/nanoscale flexible sensors based on piezoelectric, , triboelectric, , piezoresistive, and electromagnetic effects have attracted extensive attention. Among them, flexible piezoelectric materials that couple mechanical energy and electric polarization occupy an essential position in the development of sensing systems owing to their flexibility, high deformability, and outstanding mechanical properties. − Nevertheless, fabrication of flexible, miniature, highly sensitive, and low-cost integrated piezoelectric sensors is still a challenge.…”

Boosted Mechanical Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Barium Titanate Composite Porous Foam Based on Three-Dimensional Printing and Foaming Technology

“…In the 21st century, to meet the global demand for sustainable, low-carbon development, the application of safe and clean energies such as solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy becomes more and more indispensable. − A piezoelectric nanogenerator can convert a large amount of irregular mechanical energy into useful electrical energy in various ways, which is a new type of intelligent energy. − Nevertheless, traditional piezoelectric devices based on mechanical energy capture are mostly 2D thin structures, which are of little help to the amplification of piezoelectric output, because film products can only provide transverse and longitudinal strains while ignoring normal strains. , …”

“…4−6 Nevertheless, traditional piezoelectric devices based on mechanical energy capture are mostly 2D thin structures, 7 which are of little help to the amplification of piezoelectric output, 8 because film products can only provide transverse and longitudinal strains while ignoring normal strains. 9,10 In order to overcome the above drawback and take advantage of the normal space to generate greater piezoelectric strain, the construction of a 3D structure is imperative. 11,12 The current research methods widely used in fabricating 3D piezoelectric structures are mainly focused on the emerging 3D printing.…”