Pond ash — A potential reactive raw material in the black meal process of cement manufacture by vertical shaft kiln (VSK) technology

A study of disposed fly ash from landfill to replace Portland cement

“…Jaturapitakkul et al (1992) and Ranganath et al (1998) studied the properties of disposed fly ash and found that disposed fly ash had pozzolanic property but it had a large particle size when compared with fly ash therefore the mortar mixed with disposed fly ash had low compressive strength and a little development of compressive strength by pozzolanic reaction. Singh et al (1995) used disposed fly ash from pond landfill as a reactive raw material in black meal process of cement manufacture. They found that disposed fly ash could improve the quality of cement, used lower fuel consumption and could be ground easier than that of cement without disposed fly ash.…”