References1 Manco-Johnson MJ, Abshire TC, Shapiro AD et al. Recombinant factor VIII for the prevention of joint disease in children with severe hemophilia: prophylaxis compared with episodic treatment. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 535-44. 2 Gringeri A, Lundin B, von Mackensen S et al. A randomized clinical trial of prophylaxis in children with hemophilia A (the ESPRIT Study). J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9: 700-10. 3 Mancuso ME, Graca L, Auerswald G et al. Haemophilia care in children -benefits of early prophylaxis for inhibitor prevention. Haemophilia 2009; 15(Suppl 1): 8-14. 4 Gouw S.C., van den Berg H.M. The multifactorial etiology of inhibitor development in hemophilia: genetics and environment. Semin Thromb Hemost 2009; 35: 723-34. 5 Pfistershammer K, Stö ckl J, Siekmann J et al. Recombinant FVIII and FVIII/VWF complex do not present danger signals for human dendritic cells. Thromb Haemost 2006; 96: 309-16. 6 Reipert BM, van Helden PM, Schwarz HP et al. Mechanisms of action of immune tolerance induction against factor VIII in patients with congenital haemophilia A and factor VIII inhibitors. Br J Haematol 2007; 136: 12-25. 7 Kurnik K., Bidlingmaier C, Engl W. et al. New early prophylaxis regimen that avoids immunological danger signals can reduce FVIII inhibitor development. Haemophilia 2010; 16: 256-62.Over the last 20 years the quality of life of haemophilia patients has improved considerably because of their management by specialist Haemophilia Centres (HC), improved safety of haemophilia drugs and the ability to offer patients prophylactic treatment. This increase in life expectancy is leading to an increased incidence of ischaemic heart disease and therefore of revascularization surgery. This is considered to be a 'major' surgery in severe haemophilia patients because of the perioperative risks of bleeding and thrombosis. We described the case of a patient who underwent dual off-pump aorto-coronary bypass grafting with continuous coagulation factor administration, and reviewed the literature on surgical strategies for aorto-coronary bypass procedures in haemophilia patients. A 38-year-old male patient suffering from severe haemophilia A [factor VIII (FVIII) < 1%], without anti-factor VIII inhibitor, was admitted to the cardiology intensive care unit with an ST elevation acute coronary syndrome, unsuitable for angioplasty (onset of symptoms 2 days previously). Dual aorto-coronary bypass grafting was recommended in view of his coronary angiography results. After discussion between cardiologists, the HC physician, anaesthetists and surgeon, we decided on off-pump surgery. A continuous FVIII Helixate NexGen Ò (Behring) infusion protocol was set up in conjunction with the HC. Thirty minutes before the surgical incision, the patient was given a bolus dose of 50 IU kg )1 of FVIII concentrate through a dedicated venous line (Fig. 1). FVIII levels at the end of the injection were 79% (Automate STAR, Diagnostica Stago, Asnières, France) Catheters were inserted immediately after induction, the arterial catheter into the radi...