Pooling international tourism in Western Europe

Tremblay, Pascal

doi:10.1016/0160-7383(89)90003-0

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The delimitation of treatment groups is based on the official classification of the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2007). Since the 9/11 attacks occurred towards the end of 2001 and the literature points to a delay in the effects of between three and nine months after terror attacks (Bertrand, Duflo, and Mullainathan 2004;Enders & Sandler, 1991;Enders, Sandler, and Parise 1992;Tremblay, 1989), this study, based on annual data, defines the period following the attacks as the period from 2002.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany

Ahlfeldt¹,

Franke

Maennig

2015

Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik

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Summary We analyse how German tourists react to unanticipated shocks that alter their risk perception of selected tourism destinations. Using a difference-in-difference strategy which flexibly accounts for macroeconomic conditions and also addresses potential problems of serial correlation, we isolate significant effects of the 9/11 (2001) terrorist attacks, as well as for the attacks in Egypt (1997), Tunisia (2002), Morocco (2003) and Indonesia (2003). These terror attacks impacted especially on Islamic countries all over the world, indicating a transmission mechanism driven by ethnic and religious proximity. At the same time, tourism into Islamic countries was temporarily substituted by tourism to (south) European countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany

Ahlfeldt¹,

Franke

Maennig

2015

Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik

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“…Another conclusion across several studies is that domestic tourists can be an important source of consumers in tourist crisis arising from terrorist attacks (Fleischer & Bucola, 2002;Paraskevas & Beverley, 2007;Sönmez, 1998;Sönmez & Graefe, 1998a, 1998bYechiam, Barron, & Erev, 2005). Also, several studies concluded the negative effect of terrorism on tourism revenues in many destinations (Brady & Widdows, 1988;Krakover, 2000;Neumayer, 2004;Tremblay, 1989) The fear of terrorism may exist in tourists due to many factors: past experiences with terrorist attacks, conflict proximity, tourist destination negative image, social interaction and influence of agents and tour operators (Sönmez & Graefe, 1998a) and exposure to information from the media (Seabra, Abrantes & Lages, 2007). In this study, two major types of terrorism contact were considered: direct and indirect contact with terrorism and attention to/ interest in terrorism transmitted in the media, as described in detail in the following points.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that analyze the tourist sector affected by violent political incidents conclude that terrorism threatens tourism (see Brady & Widdows, 1988;Enders & Sandler, 1991;Enders, Sandler & Parise, 1992;Hurley, 1988;Tremblay, 1989). There is a substitution effect between destinations, whenever terrorism -or the threat of it occurring -becomes evident (Gu & Martin, 1992).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

TerrorScale: A Scale to Measure the Contact of International Tourists with Terrorism

Seabra

Abrantes²,

Kastenholz³

2012

J Tourism Res Hospitality

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Terrorism is unfortunately part of our lives and will not simply disappear. Accepting its presence, the management and prevention of its negative consequences is a key issue. This is imperative not only for countries where terrorist attacks occur, but also for countries that may be affected indirectly. It is necessary to further consider this issue and create more effective instruments for crisis management, ideally based on cooperative solutions among industry, government agencies and tourism-related academic institutions (Sönmez, 1998). Although research on terrorism has been undertaken in the tourism domain, the specific concept of tourists' contact with terrorism has never been operationalized. In this paper we develop a scale that measures the contact of tourists with terrorism. Insights from an empirical study of 600 international tourists indicate that this multi-dimensional scale incorporates three types of contact: 1) Direct, 2) Indirect and 3) Attention to/ Interest in Terrorism on the Media. Discussion centers on implications of this scale for theory development and in the context of strategic destination crisis management decisions . Directions for future research are also presented.

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“…Nationality also appears to explain differences in perceptions of risk associated with travel (Richardson & Crompton, 1988;Tremblay, 1989;Barker et al, 2003;Reisinger & Mavondo, 2006;George, 2010). Richardson and Crompton (1988) postulated that travellers of different nationalities may perceive the same risk differently.…”

Section: Perceived Risk and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Richardson and Crompton (1988) postulated that travellers of different nationalities may perceive the same risk differently. Tremblay (1989), for instance, found that tourists that originate from the U.S. may have a greater perception of risk when considering terrorism as a risk factor, due to their increased exposure to terrorism, and media relating to terrorism. Barker et al (2003) noted that international tourists attending the 2000 America's Cup in Auckland, New Zealand, placed higher emphasis on demands for safety than domestic tourists.…”

Section: Perceived Risk and Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

International tourists’ perceptions of crime-risk and their future travel intentions during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in South Africa

George

2013

SAJBM

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The 2010 FIFA World Cup™ tournament provided an opportunity for South Africa to showcase its unique beauty and attractiveness as an international tourist destination. However, the trepidation over crime emerged as a key concern in relation to South Africa's ability to host a successful 2010 FIFA World Cup™. This study investigates 398 foreign tourists' perceptions of South Africa during the soccer tournament, especially regarding crime and safety concerns. A questionnaire was distributed among tourists in Cape Town and Johannesburg; two of the major host cities and semifinal and final venues respectively. Findings reveal that most respondents had positive perceptions of South Africa as a holiday destination. Two-thirds of those interviewed agreed that South Africa was a safe place to visit. Over half of respondents were not concerned about their safety while in South Africa. Several individual factors were found to affect their crime-risk perceptions of which the most significant was nationality. Most notably, soccer tourists from the Middle East felt the safest, whereas those from South America and Western Europe felt the least safe. Crime-safety issues did not appear to affect respondents' future travel intentions, as the majority of study respondents said crimesafety concerns would not deter them from returning to South Africa. The findings of the study are useful to practitioners and contribute to the development of staging major sporting events in Africa, specifically, and globally more generally, in the future.

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Pooling international tourism in Western Europe

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany

Terrorism and International Tourism: The Case of Germany

TerrorScale: A Scale to Measure the Contact of International Tourists with Terrorism

International tourists’ perceptions of crime-risk and their future travel intentions during the 2010 FIFA World Cup™ in South Africa

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