Poor reliability of immunocytochemical localization of IgG in immersion-fixed tissue from the central nervous system.

Fabian, Roderic H.

doi:10.1177/40.7.1607646

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, proteins do escape slowly from blood vessels after death and before being immobilized by the fixative. They can then bind to and even be concentrated in myelin, astrocytes, and neurons (Aarli et al, 1975;Fabian, 1992;Paasivuo and Saksela, 1983). Diffusion and redistribution occur during the first 6 hours after death, and are therefore regularly seen in human postmortem material (Loberg and Torvik, 1992;Mori et al, 1991).…”

Section: Blood-pns Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Kiernan

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Endothelium, choroidal epithelium, and arachnoid exclude plasma proteins from most parts of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Nerve roots, in contrast, have permeable capillaries and permeable pia‐arachnoid sheaths. Diffusion of plasma proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid is probably prevented by slow bulk flow along a pressure gradient from the subarachnoid space into the veins of the roots. In nerves, the perineurium prevents diffusion of proteins from the epineurium into the endoneurium. Capillaries within fascicles are permeable to macromolecules, though less so than the microvessels of roots and ganglia. Endoneurial vascular permeability is lowest in rats and mice, but even in these species albumin is normally present in the extracellular spaces around the nerve fibers. The so‐called blood‐nerve barrier is not equivalent to the blood‐brain barrier. Capillaries in sensory and sympathetic ganglia are fully permeable to macromolecules, and extravasated protein is in contact with neuronal cell bodies and neurites. An impenetrable perineurium surrounds each ganglion, but serves no obvious purpose when the vessels inside are as permeable as those outside. The enteric nervous system lacks a perineurium, and the neurons in its avascular ganglia and tracts are exposed to extracellular fluid formed by permeable vessels in adjacent tissues of the gut. The reasons for excluding macromolecules from some parts of the nervous system are obscure. Carrier‐mediated transport, which maintains a constant supply of ions, glucose, and other metabolites to cells in the CNS, would be impossible if larger molecules could diffuse freely. Presumably the metabolic needs of ganglia are adequately met by exchange vessels similar to those of nonnervous tissues. Most of the CNS is protected from exogenous toxic substances that bind to plasma proteins. Peripheral neurons and glial cells are damaged by some such substances because of the lack of blood‐tissue barriers. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Blood-pns Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Kiernan

1996

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…The present study shows that albumin frequently exhibits a dark reaction product distributed uniformly in the perikarya and primary dendrites in sections of immersion-fixed tissue. Moreover, IgG staining in motor neurons decreases after immersion-fixation of brain tissue, The dotted immunoreaction product turns into a uniform staining pattern that finally fades if the postfixation time delay is increased (Fabian, 1992). The difficulties in identifying dots containing plasma proteins within motor neurons in tissue fixed by immersion may be due to intracellular degradation of the plasma protein-containing lysosomes during the period before the fivative has diffused into the tissues (Broadwell and Sofroniew, 1993;Broadwell and Brightman, 1976).…”

Section: Intraneuronaz Distribution Of Pzasma Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of plasma proteins in CNS neurons: conspicuous influence of tissue-processing parameters and the utilization of serum for blocking nonspecific reactions.

Moos

Høyer²

1996

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Despite the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB), plasma proteins have been detected intraneuronally in regions with axonal projections confined to the CNS. This Fmding raises the question of whether plasma proteins are taken up from the brain interstitium or whether the results are due to experimental artifact. We examined the effect of various protocols for tissue processing on the intraneuronal distribution of plasma proteins using immunohistochemistry. The detection level of plasma proteins d d after prolonged fixation, irrespective of the fmtive and embedding method employed. In cryostat sections, attempts to blodc nonspecific staining by serum protein caused considerable nonspecific staining in itself. When nonspecific staining was blocked with a serum-free buffer, specifically labeled neuronal perikarya were found in cryostat sections of brains fixed by perfusion with paraformaldehyde without postfixation. Al-

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Development of the blood‐nerve barrier in neonatal rats

et al. 2001

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The blood-nerve barrier (BNB) is constituted by the perineurium and the endothelium of endoneurial microvessels. We investigated the age at which the vascular component of BNB function is established in the rat and the ultrastructural modifications accompanying changes in permeability. BNB permeability was assessed with injections of Evans blue albumin (EBA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in rats of different ages. Sciatic nerve sections were studied using fluorescence and electron microscopy. Nerves from animals injected with EBA indicated that the BNB is not functional before 13 days of life but that its function is established by 16 days. These results were confirmed by electron microscope examination of nerve sections from animals injected with HRP, which showed clefts between the endothelial cells of endoneurial vessels in young rats. In rats over 18 days, these clefts were occluded by tight junctions, which prevented HRP from leaving the vessel lumen and conferred BNB function. Systematic morphometric analysis of nerves from different age groups allowed the establishment of baseline normal histologic neural development with age.

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Poor reliability of immunocytochemical localization of IgG in immersion-fixed tissue from the central nervous system.

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Vascular permeability in the peripheral autonomic and somatic nervous systems: Controversial aspects and comparisons with the blood-brain barrier

Detection of plasma proteins in CNS neurons: conspicuous influence of tissue-processing parameters and the utilization of serum for blocking nonspecific reactions.

Development of the blood‐nerve barrier in neonatal rats

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