Poor scaling between elastic energy release and eruption intensity at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador

Johnson, J. B.; Ruiz, Mario; Lees, Jonathan M.; Ramón, Patricio

doi:10.1029/2005gl022847

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In general, the relation between seismicity and eruption magnitude has been tenuous for suites of eruptions that are more restricted in terms of their intensity. At Tungurahua, a lack of correlation has been observed between radiated seismicity and perceived eruption intensity [ Johnson et al , 2005]. And at Volcan de Colima, variably sized explosive eruptions have been qualitatively observed to radiate seismicity with hugely variable efficiency [N. Varley, personal communication].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relation between infrasound, seismicity, and small pyroclastic explosions at Karymsky Volcano

Johnson¹

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Ground-and atmospheric-propagating elastic waves are integrated with digitized video to reconstruct important parameters during the onset of eruptions at Karymsky Volcano in 1999. Muzzle velocities, which range from 10 to 55 m/s for 34 analyzed explosive events, are found to be very well correlated with eruption velocities synthesized from infrasonic trace data. Acoustic modeling proposed here invokes a linear acoustic source consistent with a 3-m piston that accelerates upwards. Timing of acoustic arrivals relative to video records of material emission is used to constrain fragmentation sources depths, which are assumed to be coincident with infrasound generation. These sources are generally shallow, with an observed vertical range of about 15 m. Systematic changes in source depth are observed during two nights of data collection and are attributed to variations in the depth of the magma free surface. Relative timing of acoustic and seismic arrivals is used to identify the presence of seismicity prior to fragmentation. This seismicity is emergent and low intensity, but significant because it precedes the presumed fragmentation events by variable amounts up to 4 s. The primary short-period seismic phases appear coincident with the initiation of fragmentation and infrasound generation. Because of the complexity of the seismic Green's function, it is not possible to correlate amplitude from a specific seismic pulse with observed eruption intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relation between infrasound, seismicity, and small pyroclastic explosions at Karymsky Volcano

Johnson¹

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Interestingly, the two largest amplitude infrasound transients (events VII and X) corresponding to medium-sized volume output events as classified both in plume digitization and in monopole source modeling. This poor scaling between Sakurajima plume height and peak pressure is also noted by Fee et al (2014;this Focus Section) and has been generally observed for explosions at other volcanoes, such as at Tungurahua (Ecuador; Johnson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Comparison Of Infrasound-inferred Volume Growth and Time-lapmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of the Monopole Source to Quantify Explosive Flux during Vulcanian Explosions at Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)

Johnson

Miller

2014

Seismological Research Letters

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“…Tungurahua's gas emissions are typically the result of multiple small explosive, jetting and chugging events (Ruiz et al, 2006), which produce emissions that merge to form a continuous tropospheric gas plume. The beginning of our study period captured the latter half of Tungurahua's 2004-2005 eruptive cycle, which peaked in July 2004 and waned early in 2005 (Johnson et al, 2005;Ruiz et al, 2006). This waning cycle appears to be reflected in the OMI SO 2 measurements by a reduction in SO 2 burdens and in Tungurahua's status as the major SO 2 source beginning in March 2005 ( Fig.…”

Section: Tungurahuamentioning

confidence: 97%

Daily monitoring of Ecuadorian volcanic degassing from space

Carn

Krueger

Arellano

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

119

104

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Daily measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from active volcanoes in Ecuador and southern Colombia between September 2004 and September 2006, derived from the Ozone MonitoringInstrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS/Aura satellite, are presented. OMI is an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer with an unprecedented combination of spatial and spectral resolution, and global coverage, that permit daily measurements of passive volcanic degassing from space. We use non-interactive processing methods to automatically extract daily SO2 burdens and information on SO2 sources from the OMI datastream. Maps of monthly average SO2 vertical columns retrieved by OMI over Ecuador and S. Colombia are also used to illustrate variations in regional SO2 loading and to pinpoint sources. The dense concentration of active volcanoes in Ecuador provides a stringent test of OMI's ability to distinguish SO2 from multiple emitting sources. Our analysis reveals that Tungurahua, Reventador and Galeras were responsible for the bulk of the SO2 emissions in the region in the timeframe of our study, with no significant SO2 discharge detected from Sangay. At Galeras and Reventador, we conclude that OMI can detect variations in SO2 release related to cycles of conduit sealing and degassing, which are a critical factor in hazard assessment. The OMI SO2 data for Reventador are the most extensive sequence of degassing measurements yet available for this remote volcano, which dominated regional SO2 production in June -August 2005. At Tungurahua, the OMI measurements span the waning stage of one eruptive cycle and the beginning of another. We observe a good qualitative agreement between OMI-derived SO2 burdens and coincident ground-based SO2 flux measurements at Tungurahua, and note increasing SO2 emissions in the months prior to large explosive eruptions of the volcano in July and August 2006. Cumulative SO2 loadings measured by OMI yield a total of ~1.16 Tg SO2 emitted by volcanoes on mainland Ecuador/S. Colombia between September 2004 and September 2006; as much as 95% of this SO2 may originate from non-eruptive degassing. Approximate apportionment of the total SO2 loading indicates that ~40% originated from Tungurahua, with ~30% supplied by both Reventador and Galeras. Inclusion of SO2 production by eruptions of Fernandina and Sierra Negra (Galápagos Islands) in May and October 2005, respectively, yields a total SO2 release of ~3.24 Tg in this period. These measurements of volcanic SO2 degassing in Ecuador confirm OMI's potential as an effective, economical and risk-free tool for daily monitoring of SO2 emissions from hazardous volcanoes. Abstract Daily measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions from active volcanoes in Ecuador and southern Colombia between September 2004 and September 2006, derived from the OzoneMonitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's EOS/Aura satellite, are presented. OMI is an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer with an unprecedented combination of spatial and spectral resolution, and global coverage, that permit daily measurements ...

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Poor scaling between elastic energy release and eruption intensity at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

On the relation between infrasound, seismicity, and small pyroclastic explosions at Karymsky Volcano

On the relation between infrasound, seismicity, and small pyroclastic explosions at Karymsky Volcano

Application of the Monopole Source to Quantify Explosive Flux during Vulcanian Explosions at Sakurajima Volcano (Japan)

Daily monitoring of Ecuadorian volcanic degassing from space

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