Poor Sleep Quality of Hospitalized Geriatric Patients in General Hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten Province, Indonesia

Abstract

<p>Background: In Indonesia, geriatric population in the year 2005 was 15.8 million (7.2 % population), and expected to reach 11.34% in the year 2020. There was growing evidence for poor sleep as an independent risk factor for poor physical and mental health. Geriatric population may be particularly vulnerable to effects of sleep disturbance due to significant age-related changes in both sleep and inflammatory regulation<br />Objective: To study the epidemiological (gender, age group) and health status (co-morbidities), sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and its associations in geriatric population hospitalized in General Hospital in Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten Province, Indonesia.<br />Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from January to June 2014. A total of 92 subjects aged 60 years and above were selected consecutively from hospitalized geriatric patients for this study. The data was analyzed by means and proportions.<br />Results: The male and female subjects were 51.1% and 48.9%. Mean age was 66.79 + 5.448 years. The age group of 60 – 75 years and above 75 years was 92.4% and 7.6% consecutively. Subjects with diabetes, hypertension, allergy, asthma, cardiac failure and chronic kidney disease were 30.4%, 62.0%, 18.5%, 21.7%, 21.7%, 20.7% consecutively and 63.0% with more than 2 co-morbidities. According to PSQI 72.8% subjects have poor sleep quality. Associations between poor sleep quality to epidemiological and health status were not significant except for diabetes (RR= 3.208 [95% CI: 1.045 – 9.848], p = 0.022) and chronic kidney disease (RR= 6.247 [95% CI: 0.902 – 43.279], p = 0.017)<br />Conclusions: Seventy two percents of subjects have poor sleep quality, and associations between poor sleep quality to epidemiological and health status were not significant except for diabetes.</p>

Hypertensive emergencies in Asia: A brief review

“…Mean SBP/DBP at presentation was highest in the study from Indonesia (220±21/119±24 mmHg) 9 . Mean SBP/DBP in the studies from Pakistan 8 and Thailand 6 were 202±18/108±17 mmHg and 199±20/105±20 mmHg, respectively.…”

“…Dyspnea was one of the most prevalent symptoms reported across all studies, with varying prevalence levels from 10% to 30% 6–10 . In the study from Pakistan, the most prevalent presenting symptom was headache, 8 whereas, in Thais and Indonesians, the most common symptom of the presentation was neurological impairment, for example, hemiparesis 6,9 .…”

“…Surprisingly, the most common TOD in South Asians, specifically Pakistanis, was AKI 8 . The second most prevalent TOD, according to the study from Indonesia, was also AKI 9 ; however, the studies from Korea and Thailand found a substantially lower prevalence of AKI in their populations 6,7 . There was no apparent explanation for the variance in AKI prevalence between different populations.…”

“…However, in the study from Pakistan, 8 the most common TOD was AKI (41.3%), followed by ACS (28.8%), AHF (18.3%), and stroke (6.5%). (Table 1) AKI was the second most common TOD in Indonesians 9 (30.8%), while the second most common organ involvement in Thais 6 and Koreans 7 was heart disease (ACS and AHF) (Table 1).…”

“…Hypertensive emergencies presented with a wide range of symptoms. Dyspnea was the most common presenting symptom in all populations, but it was ambiguous and nonspecific for identifying TOD 6–10 . Therefore, it is essential to note that patients with severe hypertension and dyspnea should always be evaluated for TOD.…”