Population attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with hypertension in an Indian population

Shankarishan, Priyanka; Borah, Prasanta Kumar; Mohapatra, Pradyumna K.; Ahmed, Giasuddin; Mahanta, Jagadish

doi:10.1177/2047487312462146

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The studies in north eastern States of India also reveal a high burden of hypertension in the adult population 8 9 10 11 . Such increase may be related to epidemiological transition involving dietary, lifestyle and behavioural changes added to genetic profile 12 . Children are also expected to be affected by these changes with probable increase in cardiovascular disease 13 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of blood pressure & correlates of hypertension in school children aged 5-14 years from North East India

Borah¹,

Devi²,

Biswas³

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Elevated blood pressure (BP) in the young predicts serious cardiovascular events in the adults. High prevalence of adult hypertension reported from Assam, North East (NE) India may be linked with elevated blood pressure in the childhood. The present study was an attempt to describe the distribution of BP and correlates of hypertension in children aged 5-14 yr.Methods:A total of 10,003 school children from 99 schools of Dibrugarh district, Assam, NE India, were surveyed by stratified random cluster method. Blood pressure, demographic and anthropometric information were recorded. Blood pressure was categorized in to normal, prehypertension, stage I and stage II hypertension.Results:Girls had significantly higher (104.2 ± 12.0 vs. 103.2 ± 11.6 mm Hg, P<0.001) mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) than boys. Both SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) revealed significant correlation with age, height, weight and BMI in overall and in gender specific analysis. Hypertension was found in 7.6 per cent school children (Boys: 7.3%, Girls: 7.8%). In multivariable analysis older age (OR 3.3, 95% CI: 2.82-3.91), children from tea garden community (OR 1.3, 95% CI: 1.08-1.55) and other community (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.18-1.73) and overweight (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.1) were independently associated with hypertension.Interpretation & conclusions:Mean blood pressure in the young school children of 5-14 yr was high. A programme comprising screening, early detection and health promotion through school health programmes may help prevent future complications of hypertension.

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of blood pressure & correlates of hypertension in school children aged 5-14 years from North East India

Borah¹,

Devi²,

Biswas³

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Res

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“…Changing this male dominant culture is a cumbersome work but awareness for female's health and some separate policies for them could be useful in improving their health as well as decreasing the burden of diseases. However, Reddy, Prabhu (2005) and Shankarishan et al (2012) found more ratio with male subjects. 15,17 Logically, the male ratio in these studies may be the effect of participants.…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The Table 1 given below will show the quality assessed for all included studies. 15 Medium quality Manimunda et al, 2010 18 High quality Singh et al, 1997 21 Medium quality Singh et al, 2011 23 High quality Chaudhry et al, 2012 20 Medium quality Shankarishan et al, 2012 17 High quality Meshram et al, 2012 19 Medium quality Soudarssanane et al, 2008 14 Medium quality Sathish et al, 2012 29 High quality…”

Section: Quality Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of hypertension in Indian adults: a systematic review (1994-2014)

Deshmukh

Acharyya

2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Hypertension is among the most common non-communicable diseases globally. In India the incidence of hypertensive cases has been on the rise. Among the last few decades not only hypertension has become common in elderly but recently many cases have been reported in the young adults in India. Despite this emerging as one of the future public health concerns, there has been limited research regarding the factors that may be responsible for causing hypertension involving young and middle-aged adults and the findings remain inconclusive. The main aim of this study was to identify the risk factors responsible for developing hypertension in Indian adults. A systematic review of the available literature around the research question was carried out. Total 9 primary studies were identified after a thorough search of databases and screening strategy. Studies published between the years 1994 to 2014 and looking into risk factors of hypertension in the Indian adult population were considered. Data from each of the 9 included studies was extracted using MS Excel spreadsheets. The main risk factors of hypertension found in adults were smoking and chewing tobacco, alcohol consumption, obesity, sedentary activities, excessive salt intake and lifestyle. Along with these risk factors illiteracy, unawareness of diseases, neglecting attitude towards health and male dominating culture were also significant risk factors. Hypertension is increasing health problem in adults in India especially in this era of urbanization. People are adapting to the western culture and hence the lifestyle is changing drastically. The main risk factors leading to hypertension are smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and excessive salt intake. This signifies that there is a need to improve the knowledge and attitudes of the people related with Hypertension prevention and management in order to live a better and healthy life.

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“…In earlier studies, both tobacco use (either smoking/chewing or both) and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of hypertension [8–10]. We, in our previous study [11], have illustrated a dose-response relation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day ( χ 2 for trend = 26.07; P < 0.0001) and the amount of alcohol consumption per day ( χ 2 for trend = 24.26; P < 0.0001) and the risk of hypertension. The same study also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) and were found to be 70.3% (95% CI 63.0–77.5) for tobacco use, 45.3% (95% CI 37.1–53.4) for tobacco chewing, 31.5% (95% CI 21.3–40.9) for smoking, and 33.6% (95% CI 22.9–44.4) for alcohol consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension in an Indian Population

Shankarishan

Borah

Ahmed

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Genetic variants of eNOS gene play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Many environmental factors have, also, been implicated in the aetiology of hypertension. We carried out an age-matched case-control study among adults. Hypertension was defined according to JNC-VII criteria and eNOS gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR and PCR followed by PCR-RFLP. eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (adjusted OR 6.81; 95% CI 2.29–20.25) and eNOS 894TT genotype (adjusted OR 7.84; 95% CI 2.57–23.96) were associated with the risk of hypertension. Tobacco users (either smoking/chewing or both) with eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (OR 14.00: 95% CI 1.20–163.37), eNOS 894GG genotype (OR 5.56: 95% CI 3.72–8.31), and eNOS T-786C CC genotype (OR 9.00: 95% CI 1.14–71.04) were at an increased risk of hypertension. Similarly a significant gene-environment interaction was observed between individuals consuming alcohol with eNOS intron 4 aa genotype (OR 12.00: 95% CI 1.20–143.73) and eNOS 894GG genotype (OR 1.95: 95% CI 1.35–2.81). The present study identified few susceptible genotypes of the eNOS gene with the risk of hypertension. Moreover, the interactive effects between the environmental factors and the risk of hypertension were dependent on the eNOS genotypes.

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Population attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with hypertension in an Indian population

Abstract: Our results indicate that incident hypertension cases are largely attributable to the habit of tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Therefore, changing these selected lifestyle factors needs to be prioritized as a major strategy for reducing incidence of hypertension in our population.

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Distribution of blood pressure & correlates of hypertension in school children aged 5-14 years from North East India

Distribution of blood pressure & correlates of hypertension in school children aged 5-14 years from North East India

Risk factors of hypertension in Indian adults: a systematic review (1994-2014)

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension in an Indian Population

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