Population balance model development and experimental validation for the heteroaggregation of oppositely charged micro- and nano-particles

Size-tailorable lignin nanoparticle synthesis: effects of solution chemistry and DLVO forces on amphiphilic balance of lignin

“…The particle–particle interaction force and energy calculation can be obtained via applying the Derjaguin approximation numerically 42 on the plate–plate interaction energy calculation. The PBE was further determined as the difference between the numbers of the newly generated particles and particles consumed in the aggregation toward larger particles: 37,38,43 where β ij is an aggregation kernel which is related to the energy profile of the particle–particle interaction calculated above (more details included in ESI†).…”

“…35 Since the effects of detailed chemical physics are correlated with the integrated DLVO and PBE (DLVO-PBE), the self-consistency can be established via the coupling of theoretical calculations with experimentation. [36][37][38] In this study, we first quantified the chemical structures of lignin (with emphasis on the ionizable groups like phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) and molecular weight and revealed their effects on particle size distribution. Solution chemistry was adjusted under weak acid/base conditions and at different salt concentrations for LNP synthesis.…”

“…35 Since the effects of detailed chemical physics are correlated with the integrated DLVO and PBE (DLVO–PBE), the self-consistency can be established via the coupling of theoretical calculations with experimentation. 36–38…”